中国消费不平等的测度及分析

发布时间：2018-05-01 22:46

本文选题：消费不平等 + 基尼系数　；参考：《青岛大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：21世纪,中国在各个方面都取得很大成就,中国人民逐渐过上了富足的生活,人民生活水平普遍低下的情况得到了很大程度的改善。目前中国医疗设施不断完善,九年义务教育普及范围增大。但是,在我国经济不断向前发展的同时,又伴随着我国经济增长的不平衡。当研究经济不平衡的问题时,国内外很多经济学家都是在从收入不平等这方面来研究经济不平等的原因。实际上,有很多因素都可以导致经济不平等,本文在研究经济不平等问题时,是采用消费不平等来探究经济不平等,消费涉及到货物以及消费产品的价值,这又关系到货币的数量,货币拥有的可支配数量关联到一个人的消费档次,所以不同的消费档次体现不同的阶层,阶层即代表不平等的社会构成。因为消费更能准确的衡量一个国家的福利水平,它能够反映一个国家福利水平的差异,因此消费更能够体现经济不平等现象。文章首先梳理了国内外相关研究文献,第二章介绍消费理论和消费指标,第三章是实证分析部分,也是文章核心所在。本文在探究导致消费不平等原因时,不是单从收入不平等这一个角度来研究,而是从地区、教育程度、有无信贷等多个角度分析消费不平等的情况。文章采用基尼系数作为衡量消费不平等程度的经济指标,该指标取值为0到1,因此我们可以运用消费基尼系数来判断消费差异程度。最后根据这些影响消费的因素建立回归方程,基于回归方程的分解来探究消费不平等的成因。研究结果表明,我国目前的消费不平等程度很高,其中教育医疗方面的消费不平等程度更甚。此外,我国社会福利还不够完善,中国不同地区享有的社会福利差异巨大,中国社会福利在不同地区之间差异明显。回归方程实证表明,对中国消费不平等影响最大的因素是财富,其次是教育,而我们一般首先想到的收入因素对消费不平等的实证影响因子偏低。根据实证结论,文章提出几点建议:一,对教育、医疗等公共物品政府要加大投入力度;二,加大西部地区的财政投入,使西部地区能有更好的发展环境,在大环境中改善西部地区消费偏低的情况;三,完善我国社会福利。加大基础设施建设,尤其注意农村基础设施建设,从而促进可以进一步消除城乡消费不平等进程。
[Abstract]:In the 21st century, China has made great achievements in all fields. The Chinese people have gradually led an affluent life, and the general low living standards of the people have been greatly improved. At present, China's medical facilities continue to improve, nine-year compulsory education to expand the scope of popularization. However, along with the development of our country's economy, it is accompanied by the imbalance of our country's economic growth. When studying the problem of economic imbalance, many economists at home and abroad are studying the causes of economic inequality from the aspect of income inequality. In fact, there are many factors that can lead to economic inequality. When we study the problem of economic inequality, we use consumption inequality to explore economic inequality. Consumption involves goods and the value of consumer products. This is related to the amount of money, the disposable amount of money is related to a person's consumption level, so different levels of consumption reflect different strata, that is, the class represents the unequal social composition. Because consumption can more accurately measure a country's welfare level, it can reflect the difference of a country's welfare level, so consumption can reflect economic inequality more. The second chapter introduces the consumption theory and consumption index, the third chapter is the empirical analysis, which is the core of the article. This paper not only studies the reasons of consumption inequality from the angle of income inequality, but also analyzes the situation of consumption inequality from several angles, such as region, education level, credit and so on. This paper uses the Gini coefficient as the economic index to measure the degree of consumption inequality, which ranges from 0 to 1. Therefore, we can use the consumption Gini coefficient to judge the degree of consumption disparity. Finally, the regression equation is established according to the factors influencing consumption, and the causes of consumption inequality are explored based on the decomposition of regression equation. The results show that the current consumption inequality in China is very high, especially in education and medical care. In addition, the social welfare in China is not perfect enough, the social welfare in different regions of China is very different, and the social welfare in China is obviously different between different regions. The empirical results of regression equation show that wealth is the most important factor affecting consumption inequality in China, followed by education, while the empirical factor of income factor on consumption inequality is relatively low. According to the empirical conclusions, the article puts forward several suggestions: first, the government should increase investment in public goods, such as education and medical treatment; second, increase the financial investment in the western region, so that the western region can have a better development environment. Improve the situation of low consumption in the western region in the general environment; third, improve China's social welfare. Increasing infrastructure construction, paying special attention to rural infrastructure construction, can further eliminate the process of urban and rural consumption inequality.
【学位授予单位】：青岛大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：F126.1

【参考文献】