基于人力资本视角的我国城乡收入差距研究

发布时间：2018-05-05 12:27

本文选题：人力资本 + 城乡居民收入差距　；参考：《福州大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：改革开放以来,我国城镇居民与农村居民的收入都得到了迅速地增长。2012年我国城镇居民的人均可支配收入、农村居民人均纯收入分别为达到了24564.7元和7916.6元,比1978年翻了71.62倍和59.52倍,这说明我国经济快速发展所取得的成就在一定程度上惠及了城镇居民与农村居民。可是,在收入增长的过程中,城乡居民之间的收入差距也不断地扩大,且有愈演愈烈之势。因此,探求如何缩小城乡收入差距,让全体人民能够平等地享受到经济发展的成果,成为我国目前经济发展过程中不可回避的问题。本文主要从人力资本的角度对我国城乡收入差距进行研究,将城乡居民人力资本上存在的差异具体分解成为四个方面,即医疗保健投资差异、教育投资差异、劳动力流动差异和生育率差异,从这四个方面进行具体分析城乡人力资本差异对城乡居民收入差距的影响。同时,用空间计量模型进行实证分析,得出结论：城乡居民个人医疗保健支出差距、政府对城乡居民的医疗保健投资差距、城乡居民个人文教娱乐支出差距、农村劳动力流出总量以及城乡居民的生育率差异这五个指标与城乡居民收入差距都有着较为显著的正相关关系,而政府对城乡居民的义务教育投资差距对城乡居民人均收入差距的影响并不显著。最后,在实证分析结果的基础上,本文对解决我国城乡居民收入差距这一问题提出了以下四点政策建议：一是完善农村医保制度,提高农村医疗条件；二是改变农村教育观念,加大农村教育投资；三是改善农村就业环境；四是实行差异化的城乡生育政策。本文的创新之处在于,单单从人力资本差异这一角度对我国城乡居民收入差距的影响因素进行详细系统地分析,以及运用空间滞后回归模型,以Matlab等计量分析软件为辅助研究工具,实证分析了人力资本差异与城乡居民收入差距的关系。
[Abstract]:Since the reform and opening up, the income of both urban and rural residents in China has increased rapidly. In 2012, the per capita disposable income of urban residents in China reached 24564.7 yuan and 7916.6 yuan respectively. Compared with 1978, it has increased by 71.62 times and 59.52 times, which shows that the rapid economic development of our country has benefited urban and rural residents to a certain extent. However, in the process of income growth, the income gap between urban and rural residents is also expanding and growing. Therefore, exploring how to narrow the income gap between urban and rural areas, so that all people can enjoy the fruits of economic development on an equal footing, has become an unavoidable problem in the process of economic development in our country. This paper mainly studies the income gap between urban and rural areas from the perspective of human capital, and divides the differences in human capital of urban and rural residents into four aspects, namely, the difference in health care investment and the difference in education investment. The difference of labor mobility and fertility is analyzed from these four aspects. The influence of the difference of human capital in urban and rural areas on the income gap between urban and rural residents is analyzed. At the same time, by using the spatial measurement model, the author draws a conclusion: the gap of individual health care expenditure between urban and rural residents, the gap of government investment in health care, and the gap of individual cultural, educational and recreational expenditure between urban and rural residents. There is a significant positive correlation between the total outflow of rural labor force and the difference of fertility rate between urban and rural residents and the income gap between urban and rural residents. However, the difference of compulsory education investment between urban and rural residents has no significant effect on the gap of per capita income between urban and rural residents. Finally, on the basis of the results of empirical analysis, this paper puts forward the following four policy suggestions to solve the problem of income gap between urban and rural residents: first, to improve the rural medical insurance system and improve the rural medical conditions; second, to change the concept of rural education. Increase rural education investment; third, improve the rural employment environment; fourth, implement differentiated urban and rural fertility policy. The innovation of this paper lies in the detailed and systematic analysis of the influencing factors of income gap between urban and rural residents from the perspective of human capital difference, and the use of spatial lag regression model. The relationship between the difference of human capital and the income gap between urban and rural residents is analyzed empirically with the aid of Matlab and other econometric analysis software.
【学位授予单位】：福州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：F124.7

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