对外贸易对中国技术进步偏向性的影响

发布时间：2018-05-12 23:41

本文选题：对外贸易 + 技术进步偏向性　；参考：《吉林大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：技术进步作为经济增长的一个重要推动因素，近年来已经成为经济领域研究的热点话题，从最初Hicks研究的中性技术进步，，到现在大量关于技术进步偏向性的文献。而我国的技术进步偏向性的研究也逐渐进入了我们的视野，但是根据目前的成果，关于我国的技术进步偏向性的研究并不深入。现有的一些文献已经证明了我国的技术进步并非中性，而是偏向于某一生产要素。不过作为影响技术进步偏向性的重要成因，对外贸易是如何影响技术进步偏向性的这一问题并没有得到足够的重视。尤其是对于我国而言，从改革开发以来，我国的对外贸易程度迅速提升，目前中国已经成为仅次于美国的全球第二大贸易国。而对外贸易的发展，在一定程度上为我国技术的创新提供了模仿和学习的途径。因此本文将从我国实际出发，遵照以往的经验将技术进步偏向性内生化，并且将两个生产要素假定为资本和劳动，对比引入贸易前后对技术进步偏向性的影响。进而得到与不同发展程度的国家进行对外贸易会如何影响我国的技术进步的偏向性。本文主要的思路为：首先建立一个不存在贸易的理论模型，引入资本和劳动作为生产要素，分析技术进步偏向性的影响因素有哪些，以及这些因素的变动会如何影响技术进步偏向性。在引入贸易之后，考虑对于本国而言，分别与相对发达国家和相对不发达国家进行对外贸易将会对技术进步偏向性产生怎样的影响，值得注意的是，我们研究的是生产要素的贸易，因此我们引入了一个中间厂商，同时假设了技术的研发存在成本，通过最大化中间厂商的利润来进行分析。接下来的实证研究中，我们根据已有文献的研究的基础上选取数据来计算我国的技术进步相对偏向性的大小。而后计算与不同发达程度的国家进行对外贸易时我国的技术进步相对偏向性如何变化。最后，运用数理模型和计量统计的回归来分析实际发生的贸易量与技术进步偏向性之间的相关性。根据以上的研究，我们得到结论：与不存在对外贸易的情况相比，当我国和相对更发达的国家进行对外贸易时，我国的技术进步更偏向于资本；当我国和相对更不发达的国家进行对外贸易时，我国的技术进步更偏向于劳动。由此我们认为，一方面我国需要不断提升我国的对外贸易程度，这为我国学习和引进技术都提供了渠道，从而促进经济增长；另一方面，我国要加强与相对不发达国家之间的贸易，这对促进我国对劳动偏向型技术进步的创新有重要的作用，劳动生产效率的提高为增加劳动报酬提供了前提，最终以达到经济增长与缩小收入差距的双赢局面。
[Abstract]:As an important driving factor of economic growth, technological progress has become a hot topic in the field of economic research in recent years. From the neutral technological progress of Hicks research to a large amount of literature on technological progress bias. The research on the bias of technological progress in our country has gradually entered our field of vision, but according to the current results, the research on the bias of technological progress in our country is not deep. Some existing literatures have proved that China's technological progress is not neutral, but biased towards a certain factor of production. However, as an important cause of influencing the bias of technological progress, the problem of how foreign trade affects the bias of technological progress has not been paid enough attention to. Especially for our country, since the reform and development, China's foreign trade level has rapidly improved, and China has become the second largest trading country in the world after the United States. The development of foreign trade, to a certain extent, provides a way to imitate and learn technology innovation in China. Therefore, this article will proceed from the reality of our country, according to the previous experience, the technological progress bias will be endogenous, and the two factors of production will be assumed as capital and labor, contrasting the influence on the technological progress bias before and after the introduction of trade. Then we can find out how foreign trade with countries with different degrees of development will influence the technological progress of our country. The main ideas of this paper are as follows: first, to establish a theoretical model of non-trade, to introduce capital and labor as factors of production, and to analyze the factors that influence the bias of technological progress. And how the changes in these factors will affect the bias of technological progress. After the introduction of trade, it is worth noting how foreign trade with the relatively developed countries and the relatively underdeveloped countries will have an impact on the technological progress bias for their respective countries. We study the trade of factors of production, so we introduce an intermediary firm, and assume the cost of R & D, and analyze it by maximizing the profit of the intermediate firm. In the next empirical study, we select the data based on the existing literature to calculate the relative bias of technological progress in China. Then we calculate how the relative bias of China's technological progress changes when carrying out foreign trade with countries with different degrees of development. Finally, the regression of mathematical model and econometric statistics is used to analyze the correlation between the actual trade volume and the bias of technological progress. According to the above research, we draw a conclusion: compared with the absence of foreign trade, when China and the more developed countries carry on foreign trade, the technological progress of our country is more inclined to capital; When China and the less developed countries carry on foreign trade, the technological progress of our country is more inclined to labor. Therefore, we believe that, on the one hand, China needs to continuously raise the level of its foreign trade, which provides a channel for our country to learn and introduce technology, thereby promoting economic growth; on the other hand, China should strengthen its trade with the relatively underdeveloped countries, which plays an important role in promoting the innovation of labor-biased technological progress in China, and the improvement of labor production efficiency provides a prerequisite for increasing the remuneration for labor. Finally to achieve economic growth and narrow the income gap a win-win situation.
【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：F224;F124.3;F752

【参考文献】