中国对外直接投资区位及产业选择比较优势研究

发布时间：2018-05-16 02:05

本文选题：对外直接投资 + 区位　；参考：《河北师范大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：根据《2013年世界投资报告》，2011年全世界对外直接投资流量达到了1.5万亿美元，经历了几年的衰退恢复后，终于超过了金融危机前的水平。但在2012年受全球经济复苏乏力以及新兴市场增长放缓等影响，，对外直接投资流量又衰退到1.3万亿美元的水平。中国经过三十多年的改革开放，在经济发展的过程中取得了令世人瞩目的成就。2012年，受发达国家经济体主权债务危机、中东北非动荡等因素的影响，世界经济复苏步伐放缓，中国企业“走出去”面临的外部环境日益复杂。但是，我国经济具有保持持续较快增长的动力，这为我国企业展开对外投资提供了良好的宏观支撑。2012年中国对外直接投资流量达840亿美元，仅次于美国、日本，成为世界第三大对外投资来源地。对外直接投资并不是由母国在全球范围内的绝对优势所驱动的，而是由母国在特定区位某产业相对于东道国在同类产业上所具有的比较优势而驱动的。选择投资在具有比较优势的区位和产业中，是开展对外直接投资的基本原则，这也保证了母国和东道国可以双向受益。本文将对外直接投资区位及产业的比较优势按其形成的原因划分为市场规模经济及先占优势、资源禀赋优势、技术优势、聚集优势、区域及市场间运输成本优势、政府政策以及文化沟通优势。多种区位因素最终会形成不同的区位特色，不同的区位特色适合于不同投资主体和投资产业。当投资主体结合自身的产业优势及特点合理选择和利用东道国区位就会强化对外直接投资主体的产业比较优势，使对外直接投资迅速发展。并从产业优势和区位优势依赖性、表现形式以及互补性上证明了产业优势与区位优势的相关性。根据我国1988-2012年对外投资的数据，说明我国对外直接投资的现状，以及存在的问题：（1）对外直接投资增速高，但规模与发达国家和地区相比仍差距明显；（2）对外投资行业分布多元化，传统行业投资仍占据主导；（3）对外直接投资覆盖地区广，但主要集中在亚洲地区。通过计算显性投资优势指数、静态聚集指数、动态聚集指数以及通过对中国对外直接投资分产业、分区位数据的回归分析，格兰杰因果检验等方法，对中国对外直接投资区位及产业选择比较优势进行实证分析。最后基于理论陈述和实证分析，为中国对外直接投资的区位及产业选择提出对策建议。
[Abstract]:According to the 2013 World Investment report, world outward direct investment flows reached $1.5 trillion in 2011, surpassing pre-crisis levels after several years of recessionary recovery. But in 2012 foreign direct investment flows receded to $1.3 trillion on the back of a weak global recovery and slowing growth in emerging markets. After more than 30 years of reform and opening up, China has made remarkable achievements in the process of economic development. In 2012, under the influence of the sovereign debt crisis of developed economies and the turmoil in the Middle East and North Africa, the pace of world economic recovery slowed down. The external environment that Chinese enterprises "go out" faces is becoming more and more complex. However, China's economy has the power to maintain sustained and relatively rapid growth, which provides a good macro support for Chinese enterprises to launch foreign investment. In 2012, China's foreign direct investment flows reached 84 billion US dollars, second only to the United States and Japan. To become the world's third largest source of foreign investment. OFDI is not driven by the absolute advantage of the home country in the global scope, but by the comparative advantage of a certain industry in a particular location compared with that of the host country in the same industry. The choice of investment in the location and industry with comparative advantage is the basic principle of carrying out foreign direct investment, which also ensures that the home country and the host country can benefit from each other in both directions. In this paper, the comparative advantages of FDI location and industry are divided into market scale economy and predominance, resource endowment advantage, technology advantage, agglomeration advantage, regional and inter-market transportation cost advantage. Government policy and cultural communication advantages. A variety of location factors will eventually form different location characteristics, different location characteristics suitable for different investment subjects and investment industries. When the investment subject reasonably selects and utilizes the location of the host country in combination with its own industrial advantages and characteristics, it will strengthen the industrial comparative advantage of the main body of foreign direct investment and make the foreign direct investment develop rapidly. It also proves the correlation between industrial advantage and location advantage in terms of industrial advantage and location advantage dependence, form of expression and complementarity. According to the data of China's foreign investment from 1988 to 2012, it shows that the current situation of China's foreign direct investment (FDI) and the existing problems are: (1) the growth rate of FDI is high, but the scale is still significantly different from that of developed countries and regions. Traditional industry investment still dominates 3) OFDI covers a wide range of areas, but mainly concentrated in Asia. By calculating dominant investment advantage index, static aggregation index, dynamic aggregation index, regression analysis of China's OFDI sub-industry, location data, Granger causality test, etc. This paper makes an empirical analysis on the comparative advantages of China's FDI location and industry choice. Finally, based on the theoretical statement and empirical analysis, the paper puts forward some suggestions for the location and industry choice of China's FDI.
【学位授予单位】：河北师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：F832.6;F124

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