我国资源环境承载约束地域分异及类型划分

发布时间：2018-05-19 06:51

本文选题：承载力 + 资源环境约束　；参考：《中国科学院院刊》2016年01期

【摘要】：开展资源环境承载约束地域类型研究是推进我国工业化和城镇化发展的重要基础工作之一。文章以人均可利用土地资源潜力、人均可利用水资源潜力、环境胁迫度、生态制约度为关键指标,通过构建分步式或集成式测算方法,按县级单元分别对我国水、土、环境和生态等资源环境要素的承载约束进行了测算、空间差异分析和地域类型划分。结果表明:(1)我国有近90%的国土已处于资源环境的强约束状态,其中近半受到双要素的强约束,且主要分布在贺兰山—龙门山线以东的人口产业密集区。(2)我国东、中部人口密集地区以及青藏高原已处于土地资源缺乏的强约束状态;华北、西北、东北、四川盆地以及南方城市地区已处于水资源缺乏的强约束状态;华北平原、长三角及苏北、川渝黔桂省区、东北平原、黄土高原地区北部等地已达到环境胁迫强约束程度;生态强约束区域主要集中在天山—大别山线的西南部,该线东北部的黄土高原、阿拉善盟、东北周边及苏北沿海也有成片分布。(3)资源环境承载约束的要素交叉类型多样,多要素约束类型空间分布相对集中,除青藏高原为土地-生态约束类型外,其他交叉约束类型主要集中在贺兰山—龙门山线以东地区。(4)针对我国资源环境承载约束面大地广、类型复杂多样且与人口产业密集区高度重叠等特点,"十三五"期间国家宜在国情基础数据挖掘整理、资源环境承载力监测预警、承载力评价基础理论方法以及国土空间管控制度完善等方面加大工作力度。
[Abstract]:It is one of the important basic work to promote the industrialization and urbanization of our country to carry out the research on the regional types of resources and environment bearing constraints. In this paper, the potential of land resources per capita, the potential of water resources per person, the degree of environmental stress and the degree of ecological restriction are taken as the key indexes. The bearing constraints of resources and environment such as environment and ecology are calculated, spatial difference analysis and regional classification are carried out. The results show that nearly 90% of our country is in a strong constraint state of resources and environment, of which nearly half are strongly constrained by double elements, and mainly distributed in the densely populated area east of Helan-Longmen Mountain Line. The densely populated areas of the central region and the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau have been in a state of strong constraints due to the lack of land resources; the North China, Northwest, Northeast, Sichuan Basin and southern urban areas have been in a strong constraint of water resources shortage; and the North China Plain, The Yangtze River Delta and northern Jiangsu, Sichuan, Chongqing, Guizhou and Guangxi provinces, the Northeast Plain and the northern part of the Loess Plateau have reached the degree of environmental stress and the ecological constraints are mainly concentrated in the southwestern part of the Tianshan-Dabie Mountains Line, the Loess Plateau in the northeast part of the line. In Alashan League, the periphery of Northeast China and the coastal area of northern Jiangsu, there are many kinds of cross types of resources and environment constraints, and the spatial distribution of multi-factor constraints is relatively concentrated, except that the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau is a land and ecological constraint type. Other cross constraint types are mainly concentrated in the area east of Helan-Longmen Mountain Line. With the characteristics of complex and diverse types and highly overlapping with densely populated areas, countries should mine and organize the basic data of national conditions during the 13th Five-Year Plan period, and monitor and early warning the carrying capacity of resources and environment. The basic theory and method of carrying capacity evaluation and the perfection of land and space control system are strengthened.
【作者单位】：中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所;中国科学院大学;中国科学院生态环境研究中心;
【基金】：中科院科技战略咨询研究院重大咨询项目(Y02015005)
【分类号】：F124.5

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