我国进口贸易结构和技术进步相关性研究

发布时间：2018-06-03 08:47

本文选题：进口贸易 + 进口结构　；参考：《上海外国语大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：技术进步是一国持续稳定发展的根本动力所在。对于中国这样的发展国家而言，通过进口的贸易方式直接或间接获取技术领先国的研发成果，在此基础上消化、吸收，并进行二次创新，相较于纯粹自主研发的高投入和成效的渐进性，这种方式可以实现以较小的成本和较快的速度提升本国的技术实力，缩小和发达国家的技术差距。改革开放以来，特别是加入WTO以来，我国的对外贸易发展迅猛，2011年出口总额18983.8亿美元，进口总额为17434.8亿美元，已成为出口第二，进口第三的贸易大国。但同时可以看到，我国的贸易顺差明显，国际贸易收支不平衡，并且和贸易伙伴国的摩擦和纠纷不断。因此无论就缓解外在压力，还是解决内在发展需求而言，，进一步发展进口都是最佳选择。但是怎样使进口结构能够较大程度上发挥进口贸易对我国技术的促进？这值得我们进一步探讨和分析。本文先从理论上归纳进口贸易途径的国际技术扩散机制和影响因素，从而建立了一个关于进口贸易与进口国技术进步的基本分析框架，为之后的实证研究提供了理论基石。评价进口贸易对于我国国内技术进步的重要性、进而作出政策建议，必须以我国目前的进口贸易状况和技术发展阶段为背景进行研究。因此本文接下来从规模总量和商品结构两个方面分析了目前我国的进口贸易状况，并从科研投入和产出两个维度考察了中国目前所处的技术发展阶段。最后利用中国的数据验证中国的进口贸易和进口贸易结构对技术进步的作用。通过上述分析，我们得出的具体结论为：（1）我国的进口贸易对技术进步的效用明显，进口每增加一个单位就可以推动技术进步0.183528个单位，因此要进一步扩大进口；（2）资本、技术密集型产品的进口对技术进步最为明显，因此加强此类产品的进口尤为重要；（3）国外直接投资以及本国的专利发明对技术进步作用很小，因此要合理引导国外直接投资，并加强我国科研实力和科研成果的应用性。
[Abstract]:Technological progress is the fundamental motive force for a country's sustained and stable development. For a developing country such as China, direct or indirect access to the R & D achievements of the leading technology countries through import trade is the basis for digesting, absorbing, and re-innovating. Compared with the pure independent R & D with high investment and gradual effect, this way can improve the technical strength of our country with lower cost and faster speed, and narrow the technological gap with developed countries. Since the reform and opening up, especially since China's entry into WTO, the foreign trade of our country has developed rapidly. In 2011, the total amount of export is 1.89838 trillion US dollars, and the total amount of import is 1.74348 trillion US dollars, which has become the second largest country in export and the third in import. But at the same time, we can see that China's trade surplus is obvious, the international trade balance is unbalanced, and the friction and disputes with its trading partners are constant. Therefore, further development of imports is the best choice in terms of relieving external pressure or addressing internal development needs. But how to make the import structure play the role of the import trade to promote the technology of our country to a great extent? This is worth our further discussion and analysis. This paper first summarizes the international technology diffusion mechanism and influencing factors of import trade approaches theoretically, and then establishes a basic analytical framework on import trade and the technological progress of importing countries, which provides a theoretical foundation for the subsequent empirical research. To evaluate the importance of import trade to China's domestic technological progress and to make policy recommendations, we must study the current situation of import trade and the stage of technological development in China. Therefore, this paper analyzes the current situation of China's import trade from the aspects of total scale and commodity structure, and examines the technological development stage of China from the two dimensions of scientific research input and output. Finally, China's data is used to verify the effect of China's import trade and import trade structure on technological progress. Through the above analysis, we have come to the concrete conclusion that the import trade of our country has an obvious effect on technological progress. Every additional unit of import can promote technological progress by 0.183528 units, so we should further expand our imports of 2%) capital. The import of technology-intensive products is the most obvious for technological progress, so it is particularly important to strengthen the import of such products. (3) Foreign direct investment and domestic patent inventions have little effect on technological progress. Therefore, it is necessary to reasonably guide foreign direct investment. And strengthen our scientific research strength and application of scientific research results.
【学位授予单位】：上海外国语大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：F752.6;F124.3

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