后危机时代俄罗斯产业政策调整研究

发布时间：2018-06-03 16:59

本文选题：俄罗斯 + 产业政策　；参考：《辽宁大学》2014年博士论文

【摘要】：俄罗斯既是转型国家，又是新兴市场经济国家，其产业政策本质上是一种政府行为，是国家在某些方面支持各产业部门发展的一种国家政策，重点是提高特定行业（或企业）的竞争力，目的是鼓励产业发展和促进产业结构升级。俄罗斯的产业政策经历了从叶利钦时期的否定到普京时期的认可，在普京总统的第二任期俄罗斯实行了新产业政策，即以“柔性产业政策”取代了苏联时期的“刚性产业政策”。后危机时期俄罗斯进入从能源经济向创新经济转变的关键阶段，无论是梅德韦杰夫时期提出的经济现代化战略，还是新普京时期提出的新型工业化战略，都离不开国家产业政策的支撑。无论从国际环境还是俄国内环境看，产业政策得以发挥作用的基础正在发生显著的变化，从而对产业政策提出了新的要求。国际金融危机的剧烈冲击再次证明国家通过产业政策干预经济的必要性，俄罗斯政府认为，有效实施产业政策既可以为俄罗斯人民提供高质量的生活，又可以保证俄罗斯在全球经济中的大国地位。因此，后危机时期对产业政策做出重大调整，提出“新型工业化”背景下的产业政策，即创新政策、结构政策和投资政策成为后危机时期俄罗斯产业政策的重要组成部分。本文通过对俄罗斯产业政策的梳理，结合经济学理论，分析后危机时期俄罗斯产业政策的调整方向，并运用经济学方法详细分析了俄罗斯产业政策的创新战略、结构性战略及投资战略的内容及实施效果。论文共分为8章，第1章为绪论，第2到7章为论文主体部分，第8章为论文的前景展望及结论部分。主要内容如下：第1章主要介绍论文的研究背景及意义、文献综述及评价、研究思路及方法、创新及不足。第2章主要是俄罗斯产业政策的概述。包括对俄罗斯产业政策的定义、内容、目标及作用的介绍。从市场失灵理论、后发优势理论、结构转换理论、创新和国家创新系统理论和国家竞争力理论角度，论证了后危机时期俄罗斯产业政策调整的理论依据，并对俄罗斯产业政策的制定主体、作用工具及实施手段进行了概况性介绍。第3章梳理俄罗斯产业政策的演进历程。叶利钦时期俄罗斯政府并没有制定出一个明确和切实可行的产业政策，其产业政策问题基本上处于搁置状态。普京时期通过稳定基金的建立和功能扩展积极地实施了一系列的产业政策，使产业政策重新成为俄罗斯经济政策的工具，“没有发展的增长”是普京八年产业政策的最大特点。第4章提出俄罗斯产业政策调整问题。国际金融危机使俄罗斯遭受巨大的冲击，导致产量急剧下降、外部依赖明显增强，引起俄罗斯政府和学界对经济增长模式的反思。聚焦争论的主要问题是基于现代化战略、WTO规则及新型工业化背景下产业政策的调整，最终将产业政策调整定位为三个方向，即创新政策、结构政策和投资政策。第5章以高技术产业发展为视角分析后危机时期俄罗斯产业政策的创新战略。在创新政策内容及保障分析的基础上，，以纳米产业为例分析高技术对新产业的开发，以能源产业为例分析高技术对传统产业的改造，并通过对创新投入及产出能力的分析，考察产业政策对高技术产业创新能力的影响。后危机时期俄罗斯政府在创新型经济导向下的产业政策对创新发展具有一定的推动作用，但在国际油价高企的情况下，俄罗斯转变能源依赖型经济发展方式也是阻力重重。到目前为止，无论是梅德韦杰夫的经济现代化方案还是普京的“新经济”构想，均未取得实质性进展。第6章以产业结构升级为视角分析后危机时期俄罗斯产业政策的结构性战略。在对“梅普”组合时期、新普京时期产业结构政策分析的基础上，通过对俄罗斯三次产业结构演进、工业结构升级、服务业结构升级和外贸结构的变化分析，考察产业政策对产业结构升级的影响。后危机时期俄罗斯产业政策对产业间结构优化升级取得较大进展，但是对产业内结构的改善短期效果不明显，长期有待观察。由于以能源、原材料出口拉动经济增长的模式没有从根本上改变，所以，俄罗斯产业政策对其贸易结构的改善作用是微弱的。第7章以基础设施投资为视角分析后危机时期俄罗斯产业政策的投资战略。在投资政策内容及措施的基础上，分析俄罗斯固定资产投资结构和外资投资结构，考察产业政策对基础设施建设的影响。后危机时期俄罗斯基础设施产业投资对其经济增长具有直接的推动作用，对于投资额度大、周期长、投资回报率低的基础设施产业，急需国家产业政策引导其建设与发展。第8章为俄罗斯产业政策调整的前景展望及启示。由于后危机时期俄罗斯产业政策调整实施的时间较短，短期效应不明显，长期有待进一步观察。产业政策调整的方向无论是在俄罗斯政府部门还是学术界均已达成共识，但其实施前景尚有许多不确定性。俄罗斯产业政策调整中的一些经验，也包括一些问题，对于我国当下产业政策的制定与实施或许存在有价值的启示。
[Abstract]:Russia is not only a transitional country, but also a new market economy country. Its industrial policy is essentially a kind of government behavior. It is a national policy to support the development of various industrial sectors in some aspects. The focus is to improve the competitiveness of specific industries (or enterprises). The purpose is to encourage Industrial Development and promote industrial structure upgrading.
Russia's industrial policy has gone through the negation of Yeltsin period to the approval of Putin period, and in the second term of President Putin, Russia has implemented a new industrial policy, that is, the "flexible industrial policy" has replaced the "rigid industrial policy" in the Soviet period. At the critical stage, both the economic modernization strategy proposed in the Medvedev period and the new industrialization strategy put forward by the new Putin period can not be separated from the support of the national industrial policy. No matter from the international environment or in the domestic environment, the basis of the industrial policy is undergoing significant changes, thus the industrial policy is made. The violent impact of the international financial crisis has again proved the necessity of the state to intervene in the economy through industrial policies. The Russian government believes that the effective implementation of industrial policies can provide a high quality of life for the Russian people and a great power in the whole ball economy. The industrial policy made a major adjustment to the industrial policy and put forward the industrial policy under the background of "new industrialization", namely, the innovation policy, the structural policy and the investment policy, which became an important part of the Russian industrial policy in the post crisis period.
By combing the Russian industrial policy and combining the economic theory, this paper analyzes the adjustment direction of the Russian industrial policy in the post crisis period, and analyzes the innovation strategy, the structural strategy and the investment strategy of the Russian industrial policy in detail with the economic method. The thesis is divided into 8 chapters, the first chapter is the introduction, second The 7 chapter is the main body of the thesis. The eighth chapter is the prospect and conclusion of the paper.
The first chapter mainly introduces the research background and significance, literature review and evaluation, research ideas and methods, innovations and deficiencies.
The second chapter is mainly an overview of the Russian industrial policy, including the definition, content, objective and role of Russian industrial policy. From the theory of market failure, the theory of post advantage, the theory of structural transformation, innovation and the theory of national innovation system and the theory of national competitiveness, the adjustment of the Russian industrial policy in the post crisis period is demonstrated. Theoretical basis and general introduction of the main body, tools and means of implementation of Russian industrial policy are introduced.
The third chapter combs the evolution process of Russian industrial policy. During the Yeltsin period, the Russian government did not formulate a clear and practical industrial policy, and its industrial policy was basically on a shelved state. In the Putin period, a series of industrial policies were actively implemented through the establishment and function expansion of the stability fund to make the industrial policy. It is the biggest feature of Putin's industrial policy in the past eight years that he has become a tool for Russia's economic policy.
The fourth chapter puts forward the problem of industrial policy adjustment in Russia. The international financial crisis has caused a huge impact on Russia, resulting in a sharp decline in output and an apparent increase in external dependence. The Russian government and the academic community reflect on the model of economic growth. The main issues of the focus are based on the current strategy, the WTO rules and the new industrialization background. The adjustment of industrial policies will ultimately position the adjustment of industrial policies in three directions, namely, innovation policy, structural policy and investment policy.
The fifth chapter analyzes the innovation strategy of Russian industrial policy in the post crisis period with the development of high technology industry. On the basis of the content of the innovation policy and the analysis of the guarantee, it takes the nano industry as an example to analyze the development of the high technology to the new industry, and takes the energy industry as an example to analyze the transformation of the high technology to the traditional industry, and through the innovation input and output. The influence of industrial policy on the innovation ability of high-tech industry is examined. The industrial policy of the Russian government under the guidance of the innovative economy in the post crisis period has a certain role in promoting the innovation and development, but in the case of high international oil price, the transformation of Russia's energy dependent economy is also a heavy resistance. Until now, neither Medvedev's economic modernization plan nor Putin's "new economy" concept has made substantial progress.
The sixth chapter analyzes the structural strategy of Russian industrial policy in the post crisis period with the view of industrial structure upgrading. On the basis of the analysis of the period of the "MEP" combination and the industrial structure policy of the new Putin period, through the analysis of the evolution of the three industrial structures, the upgrading of the industrial structure, the upgrading of the structure of the service industry and the change of the foreign trade structure, the analysis of the changes in the structure of the foreign trade in the period of the period of the "MEP" combination. The impact of industrial policy on industrial structure upgrading. In the post crisis period, the Russian industrial policy has made great progress in the optimization and upgrading of the inter industry structure, but the short-term effect on the improvement of the intra industry structure is not obvious, and it remains to be observed for a long time. Ross's industrial policy has little effect on the improvement of its trade structure.
The seventh chapter analyzes the investment strategy of Russian industrial policy in the post crisis period from the perspective of infrastructure investment. On the basis of the content and measures of the investment policy, it analyses the investment structure and foreign investment structure of Russian fixed assets, and examines the impact of industrial policy on infrastructure construction. Its economic growth has a direct role in promoting the infrastructure industry with large investment quota, long cycle and low return on investment. It is in urgent need of national industrial policy to guide its construction and development.
The eighth chapter is the prospect and Enlightenment of the adjustment of industrial policy in Russia. Because of the short time of the adjustment and implementation of the Russian industrial policy in the post crisis period, the short-term effect is not obvious, and it needs to be further observed for a long time. The direction of industrial policy adjustment has been agreed in both the Russian government departments and the academic circles, but the prospect is still still applied. There are many uncertainties. Some of the experiences in the adjustment of the Russian industrial policy also include some problems, which may have valuable implications for the formulation and implementation of the current industrial policy in China.
【学位授予单位】：辽宁大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：F151.2

【参考文献】