水环境约束下关中经济发展模式研究

发布时间：2018-06-03 18:42

本文选题：水环境约束 + 环境效率　；参考：《首都师范大学》2014年博士论文

【摘要】：经济发展与水环境之间具有密切的关系。国内外学者已对经济发展与水环境之间的关系进行了大量研究,“环境库兹涅茨曲线”(倒U型曲线)理论是其中最为经典和重要的结果。但目前这类研究大都只是验证经济发展与水环境之间是否具有倒U型关系,并在此基础上进行相关讨论。对于二者之间更深层次的关系,还缺乏更深入的研究。环境全要素生产率是从经济发展模式的角度研究经济发展与环境之间的关系。我国的相关研究主要集中在全国范围、各省份、工业和农业方面,具体到市级的研究较少；此外根据相关研究结果,选取的非期望产出不同,计算出来的环境效率和环境全要素生产率值也存在差异,需要针对地区污染特点选取特定的污染物进行研究。关中水资源缺乏,但水污染问题比较严重,论文以关中为研究区,首先以西安市为例,在对水质指标和经济指标进行严格筛选及处理的基础上,提出了一种导数约束以减少经验关系式选择上的主观任意性,构建了西安市的水质-经济经验关系式,深入研究了其经济发展与水质之间的关系。基于西安建立经验关系式的方法和步骤,构建了铜川、宝鸡、咸阳、渭南的水质和水污染物排放量与经济的经验关系式。同时探讨在水环境约束下关中的经济发展模式,采用SBM方向性距离函数测算了关中五市1997-2011年的环境效率,基于SBM的ML指数测算了关中五市的环境全要素生产率,并在不同的市域间进行对比,用偏最小二乘回归(PLS)分析了对于经济发展模式的影响因素。本文的研究为经济发展与水环境关系的研究提供一种新的研究思路,具有重要的理论意义和科学意义；同时为制定关中经济和环境协调发展政策、促进关中经济的可持续发展提供科学依据,具有一定的应用价值。论文主要研究结论可概括为以下几方面： (1)首先构建了西安水质-经济经验关系式,基于西安建立水质-经济经验关系式的方法和步骤,构建了铜川、宝鸡、咸阳、渭南的水质和水污染物排放量与经济的经验关系式。并结合相应理论分析,论文认为水环境经济关系可以根据阻碍水环境恶化的作用与促进水环境恶化的作用的相对大小分成三类,当阻碍作用大于促进作用时,水环境指标随经济指标的增加迅速衰减；当阻碍作用与促进作用相互持平时,水环境指标随经济指标的增加先上升,到达峰值后再逐渐下降；当阻碍作用小于促进作用时,水环境指标随经济指标的增加呈震荡式衰减。 (2)选取劳动力、资本和能源为投入,国内生产总值为期望产出,化学需氧量和氨氮年排放量为非期望产出,测算了关中五市1997-2011年水环境约束下的效率,并进行了对比分析。对环境效率的纵向对比发现,随着时间的推移,对投入因素的利用率会越来越高,经济发展和环境保护达到了较高的协调程度。对环境效率的横向对比发现,西安和宝鸡的环境效率值为1,经济和环境关系比其它三市更为协调,其它三市环境效率值比较波动,铜川与其它城市差距最大。 (3)测算了关中五市水环境约束下的全要素生产率。纵向对比发现,除了个别年份外,五市的环境全要素生产率都是提升的,技术进步起了主要的推动作用；经过横向对比发现,五市中铜川的环境全要素生产率提升的最多,其技术进步也最为明显,可以认为铜川在城市经济转型期间取得了明显的成效。这五市的经济发展模式均从粗放逐渐转化为集约型。 (4)选取经济因素(人均GDP、二产比例、资本劳动比)、人口因素(人口密度)、环境因素(化学需氧量排放强度、氨氮排放强度、单位GDP电耗)和对外经济因素(进出口总额/GDP、外商直接投资/GDP)分析对于环境效率和环境全要素生产率在时间和地区间存在差异的影响。综合分析发现,氨氮排放对于环境效率和环境全要素生产率的影响力度超过了化学需氧量,其重要性越来越大；电力的使用所起的作用正在逐渐加大；资本深化促进管理创新和技术创新,有利于环境全要素生产率的提高；较高的经济发展水平有利于环境效率和环境全要素生产率的提升。
[Abstract]:There is a close relationship between economic development and water environment. Scholars at home and abroad have done a lot of research on the relationship between economic development and water environment. The "environmental Kuznets curve" (inverted U curve) theory is the most classic and important result. But at present, this kind of research is only verifying that the economic development and the water environment are between them. Whether there is an inverted U relationship and discuss it on this basis. There is still a lack of more in-depth study on the deeper relationship between the two. The environmental total factor productivity is a study of the relationship between economic development and the environment from the perspective of economic development model. In addition, there are few studies at the municipal level. In addition, according to the relevant research results, the selected undesired output is different, the calculated environmental efficiency and the total factor productivity of the environment are also different. The specific pollutants should be selected for the study of the regional pollution characteristics. This paper takes Guanzhong as the research area. First of all, taking Xi'an as an example, on the basis of strict screening and processing of water quality index and economic index, a derivative constraint is put forward to reduce subjective arbitrariness in empirical relationship selection, and the water quality economic experiential relation of Xi'an is constructed, and its economic development and water quality are deeply studied. Based on the methods and steps of establishing the empirical relationship in Xi'an, Xi'an, Baoji, Xianyang and Weinan have been established for the relationship between water quality and water pollutant discharge and economic experience. At the same time, the economic development model in the confinement of water environment is discussed, and the environmental effects of five cities in Guanzhong 1997-2011 years are calculated by using the SBM directional distance function. Rate, based on the SBM ML index, the total factor productivity of the five cities in Guanzhong is calculated and compared with the different city regions, and the partial least squares regression (PLS) is used to analyze the influence factors on the economic development model. This study provides a new research idea for the study of the relationship between economic development and water environment, which has important theory. It is of significance and scientific significance; at the same time, it provides a scientific basis for the development of the coordinated development policy of the Guanzhong economy and the environment and the sustainable development of the Guanzhong economy. It has certain application value.
The main conclusions of the paper can be summarized as follows:
(1) first, the water quality economic empirical relation of Xi'an was constructed. Based on the method and step of establishing water quality and economic experience relationship in Xi'an, the water quality and water pollutant discharge of Tongchuan, Baoji, Xianyang and Weinan were constructed and the empirical relationship between the water pollutant discharge and the economy was constructed. The effect of environmental deterioration and the effect of promoting the deterioration of water environment is divided into three categories. When the hindrance is greater than the promotion effect, the index of water environment attenuates rapidly with the increase of economic indicators. When the hindrance and promoting action are held each other, the index of water environment rises first with the increase of economic index, and then gradually drops to the peak. When the obstructing effect is less than the promoting effect, the water environmental index decreases with the increase of economic index.
(2) select labor, capital and energy as input, gross domestic product as expected output, chemical oxygen demand and ammonia nitrogen annual discharge as undesired output, calculate the efficiency under the water environment of Guanzhong five city for 1997-2011 years, and carry on a comparative analysis. The utilization rate will be higher and higher, and the economic development and environmental protection reach a higher degree of coordination. The environmental efficiency of Xi'an and Baoji is 1, the economic and environmental relations are more coordinated than the other three cities, the other three cities are more and more volatile, and the gap between Tongchuan and other cities is the largest.
(3) the total factor productivity (TFP) under the constraints of water environment in Guanzhong five cities was measured. In addition to a few years, the total factor productivity of the five cities was promoted, and the technological progress played a major role in promoting the total factor productivity of the five cities. Most obviously, it can be seen that Tongchuan has achieved remarkable results in the period of urban economic transformation. The economic development models of these five cities have been transformed from extensive to intensive.
(4) select economic factors (per capita GDP, ratio of second production, capital labor ratio), population factor (population density), environmental factors (chemical oxygen demand emission intensity, ammonia nitrogen emission intensity, unit GDP power consumption) and external economic factors (import and export total /GDP, foreign direct investment /GDP) analysis for environmental efficiency and environmental total factor productivity in time and area A comprehensive analysis shows that the impact of ammonia emission on environmental efficiency and environmental total factor productivity is more important than chemical oxygen demand, and its importance is increasing; the role of electricity use is increasing gradually; capital deepening promotes management innovation and technological innovation, which is beneficial to the total factor productivity of the environment. The higher level of economic development is conducive to the improvement of environmental efficiency and environmental total factor productivity.
【学位授予单位】：首都师范大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：X143;F127

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