经济发展差距的文化假说:从基因到语言

发布时间：2018-06-07 01:36

  本文选题：方言 + 文化差异　； 参考：《管理世界》2017年01期

【摘要】：文化差异作为影响经济发展差距的深层因素,是推行区域均衡发展政策的客观约束。跨国研究认为基因的代际遗传与文化的垂直传递是并行的,进而以基因距离刻画文化差异。但本文综合遗传学、历史学和民族学的证据显示,在儒家文明圈中,基因与文化的对应关系由于文化横向传播而被打乱,而方言作为区域文化的载体能兼顾垂直传递和横向传播。为此,本文根据汉语方言的特点以及语言学波浪理论构建语言距离指标测度文化差异,实证研究表明,与基因距离相比,语言距离所包含的噪音更小,对于中国地区收入差距具有更强的解释力。进一步的机制研究发现,文化差异对于地区收入差距同时具有阻碍效应和直接效应。一方面,各地与技术前沿的文化差异通过影响信任和沟通等因素阻碍技术扩散,最终影响区域经济的均衡发展,但在人口流动、普通话推广等背景下,这一效应正在明显下降;另一方面,语言距离所代表的地域文化和商业精神的差异直接影响地区收入差距,且具有较强的时间持续性,基于企业家精神的实证发现是直接效应的有力证据。
[Abstract]:As a deep factor affecting the economic development gap, cultural differences are the objective constraints for the implementation of regional balanced development policy. Transnational studies suggest that the intergenerational inheritance of genes is parallel to the vertical transmission of culture, and that cultural differences are characterized by genetic distances. But this paper, combined with evidence of genetics, history and ethnology, shows that in Confucian civilization, the relationship between genes and culture is disrupted by the horizontal spread of culture. Dialect, as the carrier of regional culture, can take both vertical and horizontal transmission into account. Therefore, according to the characteristics of Chinese dialects and the linguistic wave theory, this paper constructs linguistic distance indicators to measure cultural differences. Empirical research shows that language distance contains less noise than gene distance. For China's regional income gap has a stronger explanation. Further studies on the mechanism show that cultural differences have both hindrance effect and direct effect on regional income gap. On the one hand, the cultural differences between different regions and technological frontiers hinder the diffusion of technology through influencing factors such as trust and communication, and ultimately affect the balanced development of regional economy. However, under the background of population mobility and popularization of Mandarin, this effect is obviously declining; On the other hand, the difference of regional culture and business spirit represented by language distance directly affects the regional income gap and has a strong time duration. The empirical findings based on entrepreneurship are strong evidence of direct effect.
【作者单位】： 暨南大学华侨华人研究院;中山大学岭南学院;
【基金】：广东省自然科学基金博士启动项目(2015A030310216) 国家自然科学基金青年项目(71303264) 教育部哲学社会科学重大课题攻关项目(14JZD021)的资助
【分类号】：F124.7;H17
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本文编号：1989103