欧盟官方发展援助政策演变及有效性研究

发布时间：2018-06-18 12:12

本文选题：官方发展援助政策 + 援助有效性　；参考：《华东理工大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：欧盟自上个世纪50年代以来一直致力于通过对外发展援助政策来扩大自身在世界经济和政治舞台上的地位。目前,欧盟及其成员国是最大的官方发展援助提供方,根据欧盟自身的统计,其提供的援助占全球一半以上①。欧盟对外援助发展至今,其援助政策经历了一个产生、发展和革新的过程,那么这是怎样的历史演变?历史悠久的欧盟对外援助,其有效性到底如何?受援国在接受援助后,其效果又反映在哪些方面? 本文试图对欧盟官方发展援助政策的演变进行整体的分析,通过厘清欧盟对外援助政策的演变、现状,以揭示其对外援助政策的实质,得出,冷战结束后,欧盟扩大了其对外援助的广泛性,重点援助领域也顺应国际形势和自身政治发展的目标,转向援助受援国的民主、体制和环保等领域。同时其援助的政治条件性明显化,援助意识形态浓烈,援助数量取决于受援国的“表现”,相应地,其援助的形式也不仅仅局限在经济援助,加大了人道主义援助、军事援助等。由此可以窥见其援助的根本在于加强与发展中国家合作的同时,追求最大化满足自身利益,尤其是政治利益的需求,加强欧盟作为一个共同体对外的国际影响力。同时从援助国和受援国两个视角,分别采用援助的钻石模型和结果导向型分析法,综合全面地研究其援助政策的有效性。从援助国角度分析,本文采用ODA/GNI、赠与指数、双边ODA占比和非束缚性比率这四个指标,综合反映援助质量及变化趋势,相比2010年,2011年欧盟对外援助质量有恶化趋势,同年相比DAC国家,欧盟援助质量也处于劣势地位；从受援国角度分析,欧盟官方发展援助的有效性具有局限性和不彻底性。因此综合而言,欧盟对外援助有一定的成效,同时存在很大的提升空间。最后本文提出欧盟在实施其对外援助时面临的问题和几点建议,旨在促进对外援助理论研究,提高对外援助的透明度,最终为我国建立健全对外援助体系提供参考。
[Abstract]:Since the 1950s, the European Union has been committed to expanding its position in the world economic and political arena through its foreign development assistance policy. Currently, the EU and its member states are the largest providers of official development assistance (ODA), accounting for more than half of the global total, according to the EU's own statistics. Since the development of EU foreign aid, its aid policy has gone through a process of emergence, development and innovation, so what kind of historical evolution is this? What is the effectiveness of EU foreign aid with a long history? What are the areas in which the recipient country receives assistance that is reflected in its effectiveness? This paper attempts to analyze the evolution of the EU's ODA policy as a whole, by clarifying the evolution and current situation of the EU's foreign aid policy, in order to reveal the essence of its foreign aid policy, and draw a conclusion that, after the end of the Cold War, The EU has expanded the breadth of its foreign aid, and the key areas of aid are in line with the international situation and its own goal of political development, turning to aid to the recipient countries in the fields of democracy, institutional and environmental protection, and so on. At the same time, the political conditionality of its aid is evident, the aid ideology is strong, and the amount of aid depends on the "performance" of the recipient country. Accordingly, the form of its aid is not limited to economic aid, and humanitarian aid is increased. Military aid, etc From this, we can see that the fundamental of its assistance lies in strengthening cooperation with developing countries, while pursuing to meet the needs of its own interests, especially its political interests, and strengthening the international influence of the EU as a community. At the same time, from the perspective of donor and recipient, the diamond model and result-oriented analysis are used to study the effectiveness of aid policy. From the donor point of view, this paper uses ODA-GNI, grant index, bilateral ODA ratio and unfettered ratio to reflect the aid quality and its changing trend. Compared with 2010, the quality of EU foreign aid has a tendency to deteriorate. In the same year, compared with DAC countries, the quality of EU aid was also at a disadvantage; from the perspective of recipient countries, the effectiveness of EU ODA was limited and incomplete. Therefore, overall speaking, EU foreign aid has certain results, at the same time there is a lot of room for improvement. Finally, this paper puts forward some problems and some suggestions in the implementation of EU's foreign aid, aiming at promoting the theoretical research of foreign aid, enhancing the transparency of foreign aid, and finally providing reference for our country to establish and perfect the foreign aid system.
【学位授予单位】：华东理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：F114.46;F746

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