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城乡教育不平等对城乡收入分配差距扩大的动态效应研究

发布时间:2018-06-19 01:55

  本文选题:人力资本 + 教育不平等 ; 参考:《浙江财经大学》2014年硕士论文


【摘要】:根据2013年全国两会报告的表述,我国目前的国情有三个“显著提高”——社会生产力和综合国力显著提高,人民生活水平和社会保障水平显著提高,国际地位和国际影响力显著提高。纵然如此,我们也需考虑到国家快速发展伴随的“副作用”,即居民内部特别是城乡居民之间的收入差距问题。 引起城乡居民收入差距的原因不一而足,本文结合不同学者的诠释发现,个体收入水平很大程度上是由个体人力资本水平决定的。而教育是人力资本投资最主要的形式,教育的不平等尤其表现在城乡间的不平等。因此,城乡教育不平等对于城乡收入差距持续扩大的影响就是本文期望得到的结果,即城乡教育不平等和城乡收入不平等呈正相关关系。 本文首先以绪论展开,介绍本文的研究背景和意义,概括的描述了本文的研究内容和思路,简要的对两个重要的相关概念做了评析,并对前人的研究经验以代际内教育不平等、代际间教育不平等、教育扩展等与收入分配差距的相关关系分成三块予以分别阐述和总结评价。其次,本文通过教育不平等和收入分配理论基础的途径,从不同的角度对教育差距扩大、城乡间教育不平等、收入差距扩大成因进行了详细的剖析,并对教育通过哪些路径影响收入差距扩大的效应进行根本的解析。接着,主要通过官方统计数据如《中国统计年鉴》、《中国人口和就业统计年鉴》、《中国教育经费统计年鉴》和《新中国60年统计资料汇编》,引用、计算、整理成相关的图表和数据,运用教育不平等的存量因素如平均受教育年限、城乡居民收入比较(绝对值和相对值)、生均教育经费和财政性预算内教育经费占GDP的比例等等指标进行定量分析。再对我国教育的概况、城乡教育不平等情况和城乡收入不平等及其两者的关系进行现实的分析,得出的结论为:城乡之间的教育不平等影响城乡的收入差距扩大,收入差距的扩大又进一步导致教育的不平等。此后,我们运用搜集的资料并进行相关的运算得出2005-2011年7年间的省级面板数据,,对我国城乡教育不平等和城乡收入差距关系进行计量实证分析,实证结果表明,我国城乡居民受教育机会是不均等的,受教育机会的不均等导致了城乡劳动力受教育程度和质量的不均衡,并以此影响劳动生产率,最终表现为城乡收入的差距。而且我们引进的时间虚拟变量表明城乡教育不平等也是影响城乡收入差距今后动态变化的重要因素。最后,根据前述的理论分析和实证结果,本文认为城乡收入差距持续扩大趋势必须要从教育上下手,从根本上解决城乡教育不平等的状况,并以此提出相应的政策建议。一是加大教育投入力度,缩小城乡教育投入差距;二是调整教育的投资结构,从向高等教育倾斜到向基础教育倾斜转变,特别是农村地区的基础教育(义务教育);三是重视职业教育和教育培训,毕竟活到老、学到老,正规教育用途总是有限的;四是打破城乡劳动力分割,完善劳动市场体系,加强农村基础教育师资和设施投入。所有的措施围绕缩小城乡教育差距从而缩小城乡收入差距这一命题来开展。
[Abstract]:According to the statement of the 2013 national two session report, China's current national conditions have three "remarkable improvements" - the social productivity and the comprehensive national strength have been significantly improved, the people's living standards and social security level have been significantly improved, and the international status and international influence have been significantly improved. Side effects, that is, the income gap between residents, especially urban and rural residents.
The reasons for the income gap between urban and rural residents are different. In this paper, it is found that the level of individual income is largely determined by the level of individual human capital. Education is the most important form of human capital investment, and the inequality of education is especially unequal between urban and rural areas. Therefore, the inequality between urban and rural education is not equal. The impact of the widening income gap between urban and rural areas is the expected result of this paper, that is, urban and rural education inequality is positively correlated with income inequality in urban and rural areas.
This paper begins with an introduction, introduces the background and significance of the study, briefly describes the contents and ideas of the study, briefly reviews the two important related concepts, and the relationship between the inequality of intergenerational education, the inequality of intergenerational education, the expansion of education and the gap of income distribution. It is divided into three pieces respectively to elaborate and summarize the evaluation. Secondly, through the approaches of educational inequality and income distribution theory, this paper makes a detailed analysis of the expansion of education gap, the inequality of education between urban and rural areas and the widening of income gap from different angles, and the effects of Education through which ways affect the widening of income gap. Then, through official statistical data such as the Chinese Statistical Yearbook, the Yearbook of Chinese population and employment statistics, the Yearbook of China's education funds statistics and the 60 year statistics of China, citing, calculating, sorting out the related charts and data, using the factors of inequality in education, such as the average number of years of education. The rural residents' income comparison (absolute value and relative value), the ratio of education funds and the proportion of educational funds in the financial budget to GDP, and so on, and then analyze the situation of education in China, the inequality of urban and rural education and the relationship between urban and rural income inequality and their relationship, and the conclusion is that the urban and rural areas are between urban and rural areas. The inequality of education affects the widening of the income gap between urban and rural areas, and the expansion of the income gap further leads to the inequality of education. After that, we use the data collected and carried out the related operation to get the provincial panel data of 2005-2011 years and 7 years, and make an empirical analysis of the relationship between urban and rural education inequality and the income gap between urban and rural areas in China. The empirical results show that the educational opportunities of urban and rural residents in China are unequal, and the inequality of education opportunities leads to the uneven education and quality of the urban and rural labor force, which affects labor productivity, and ultimately shows the gap between urban and rural income. In the end, according to the theoretical analysis and empirical results mentioned above, this paper believes that the continuous expansion of the income gap between urban and rural areas must be carried out from education, fundamentally solve the inequality of urban and rural education, and put forward corresponding policy suggestions. First, increase the investment in education, To narrow the gap between urban and rural education investment, two is to adjust the investment structure of education, from higher education to basic education, especially the basic education in rural areas (Compulsory Education); the three is to pay attention to vocational education and education training, after all, it is old, and the use of formal education is always limited; and the four is to break the urban and rural labor. In order to reduce the gap between urban and rural education and reduce the income gap between urban and rural areas, we should improve the labor market system and strengthen the labor market system and strengthen the input of teachers and facilities in rural basic education.
【学位授予单位】:浙江财经大学
【学位级别】:硕士
【学位授予年份】:2014
【分类号】:G521;F124.7

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