G20机制化建设研究

发布时间：2018-06-19 02:32

本文选题：G20 + 机制化建设　；参考：《对外经济贸易大学》2014年博士论文

【摘要】：G20从成立开始就被定义为“布雷顿森林体系内部的非正式对话机制”，然而在起初的十余年中，G20作为一种危机应对及预防机制在国际治理中一直处于边缘化地位。2008美国金融危机爆发，并迅速蔓延至全球，对世界经济造成巨大影响。传统的国际治理机制---七国集团和其主要执行机构IMF未能发挥应有作用，而G20却一跃成为应对这场危机的最核心治理机制，并迅速升级为峰会，在匹兹堡峰会后开始取代G7成为国际经济对话的首要平台。迄今为止，G20已成功召开了8次领导人峰会，在应对全球金融危机方面取得了明显成效。但另一方面，在后危机时代，G20也面临着如何从危机应对机制过渡为长效治理机制及如何进行机制化建设等问题。有关G20机制化建设这一课题无疑具有丰富的理论和实践意义。对G20机制化建设进行研究将丰富相关学科的理论背景，提供更多的分析框架和批判视角。首先，G20机制研究可进一步丰富“国际制度该如何设计”这一课题；其次，G20机制研究可反映出国际格局最新变化并推动重要国际经济机构改革进程；第三，G20机制研究可反映全球治理机制发展趋势及发展相关理论；第四，G20机制研究可为国际宏观政策协调机制建设、国际货币体系改革等现实操作提供新思路。 G20机制化建设研究不仅具有丰富的理论意涵，也具有十分紧迫的实践意义。其一，G20机制研究可为其未来发展方向和方式提供新思路；其二，对G20机制的研究有利于中国积极地参与国际事务，实现国家利益。因此，对G20进行深入研究符合我国发展战略，深远的实践意义不言而喻。综合对国内外文献的整理分析以及本文设定的思路框架，笔者在研究中着重关注如下几点：一是寻找新的切入点，如从国际政治经济学、国际法等跨学科的角度进行思考。力求从一个有新意的角度重新审视G20的成立、发展、机制化建设，填补国内相关领域的空白；二是着重关注G20作为一个国际机制的内在发展规律，如其内部矛盾（成员国间的利益诉求博弈）、内在动力（成员国共同利益）、与其他国际机制的关系、机制化的理由问题，以此丰富有关国际机制的研究；三是注意使用科学的研究方法，如定性与历史分析相结合、经济视角和政治视角相统一的方法，并尝试运用利益分析等研究方法，尽量避免研究出现深度不足、过于主观化等问题。在对G20机制化建设进行研究的过程中，关于国际机制与国际组织的理论占有重要地位，因此本文先从全球经济治理理论综述入手，在研究相关理论的基础上，在更深刻的层面阐述G20问题，整个理论框架共分为三个方面：一是以世界体系的相关概念为原点展开理论框架的阐述；二是从国际政治经济学角度研究G20为什么要机制化；三是从国际法角度研究该机制应如何设计。 G20机制化建设是一个复杂问题，在机制化路线的设计过程中，本文还广泛吸取其他国际机制的验和教训，对硬法性WTO和软性机制G7、APEC进行系统比较，为G20机制化建设的性质定位提供了更加丰富的实践背景。在研究了相关国际机制理论和其他国际机制的经验教训后，笔者运用定性与历史分析相结合、经济视角与政治视角相统一的研究方法，对G20作为一个国际机制的历史背景、存在基础及内在矛盾与发展动力展开深入解读，并对G20的性质作出明确定位。分析G20内、外部的矛盾离不开对其成员国的深入探究，本文进而对G20成员国的利益诉求及各方互动进行了深入探讨，更从博弈视角下论证了G20未来机制化面临的国际关系基础，以此形成G20机制化建设可能性和可行性分析的重要实践参考。有了以上这些研究作为基础，笔者对G20机制化建设的可能性及可行性进行论证分析，更从国际软法角度论证了G20作为国际治理机制的法律框架选择。国际政治经济学视角涉及G20机制化建设的内容和实质，而国际法视角则是前者的具体外在形式，此内容适合于此形式，G20研究框架下二者的结合相得益彰。本着客观与创新的原则，本文对G20未来的机制化路线提出具体设计方案，将G20机制化建设划分为软性非正式阶段、软性半机制化阶段和“软硬兼施”机制化阶段等三个阶段：软性非正式阶段的主要任务是通过具体准备工作，为软性半机制化建设作出前期铺垫。2013年圣彼得堡峰会业已明确提出经济复苏的主要任务：“如何启动投资这一发展引擎以及如何通过搭建国际金融架构并预防可导致新危机的经济失衡，达到降低风险的目的。”本文藉此将圣彼得堡峰会作为机制化建设的正式开端。软性半机制化阶段是G20着眼于未来长效全球统筹机制使命,向半机制化阶段过渡是一条必由之路，即首先强化G20组织架构及议题专门化设置，这也同时符合G20机制软法性特征的形成规律，即软法机制的成型须经由程序化、透明化、规范化和制度化等一系列完整程序。其中，组织架构建设主要集中于固定秘书处的设置论证，为了力求本研究的客观性，笔者将此预设为备选方案进行可行性分析，，以便读者作出独立判断和甄别。议题建设专门化设置分为三个步骤：经济议题专门化、金融议题专门化、议题建设多元化。 “软硬兼施”的机制化阶段重点从五方面展开G20机制化建设方案：1.逐步扩展、开放议题领域；2.严格成员国准入制度；3. G20决策机制构建；4.多层级会晤与协商框架构建；5.G20决议执行机制构建；6.相互评估程序构建。中国作为G20成员国之一，其行为将对G20机制的发展产生重要影响；同样，G20作为中国参与国际事务最有效的平台，其发展也将对中国产生深远影响。本文最后一章着重从中国视角对G20机制化建设提出观点，即G20机制化建设中的中国战略，从中国的态度和立场、G20机制化对于中国的潜在利益、G20机制化建设对于中国的制约因素和潜在风险等展开论述，并提出中国对于G20机制化建设的应对战略。世界政治多极化和经济全球化浪潮势不可挡，金融、贸易、投资等经济议题以及能源安全、气候变化、粮食安全、反恐等安全挑战日益不可分割，G20峰会为全球性问题提供了最佳沟通平台。然而由于各国经济诉求不同，各集团综合实力各异，以及世界格局的风云变幻，各方利益的交织与博弈往往很难最终取得共赢结果。如何克服这一治理困境以保障世界经济永续发展，是G20机制化建设过程中需要深刻思考及永续关注的一项议题。
[Abstract]:From the beginning of its founding, G20 was defined as an informal dialogue mechanism within the Bretton Woods system. However, in the first decade, G20, as a crisis response and prevention mechanism, has been marginalized in international governance and.2008 financial crisis broke out in the United States and spread rapidly to the world and has a great impact on the world economy. The traditional international governance mechanism, the group of seven and its main executive agency, IMF failed to play its part, and G20 has become the most core governance mechanism for the crisis and quickly upgraded to a summit. After the Pittsburgh summit, it began to take the place of G7 as the first platform for international economic dialogue.
So far, G20 has successfully held 8 summit meetings, and has achieved remarkable results in dealing with the global financial crisis. On the other hand, in the post crisis era, G20 also faces the problems of how to transition from the crisis response mechanism to the long-term governance mechanism and how to carry out the construction of the mechanism. The issue of the construction of the G20 mechanism is undoubtedly an issue. It has rich theoretical and practical significance.
The research on the construction of G20 will enrich the theoretical background of relevant disciplines and provide more analytical framework and critical perspective. First, the research of G20 mechanism can further enrich the subject of "how to design international system". Secondly, the research of the G20 mechanism can reflect the latest changes in the international pattern and promote the reform of the important international economic institutions. Process; third, G20 mechanism research can reflect the development trend of global governance mechanism and development related theories. Fourth, the study of G20 mechanism can provide new ideas for the construction of international macro policy coordination mechanism and the reform of international monetary system.
G20 mechanism construction research not only has rich theoretical meaning, but also has very urgent practical significance. First, the research of G20 mechanism can provide new ideas for its future development direction and way. Secondly, the study of the G20 mechanism is beneficial to China's active participation in international affairs and the reality of the national interests. Therefore, the in-depth study of the G20 is consistent with that. The practical significance of our development strategy is self-evident.
In this study, the author focuses on the following points: first, to find new entry points, such as the interdisciplinary perspective of international political economy and international law, and try to reexamine the establishment, development and mechanism of G20 from a new angle. To fill in the gaps in the domestic related fields; two is to focus on the internal development law of G20 as an international mechanism, such as its internal contradictions (the game of interest demands among the Member States), the internal motivation (the common interests of the Member States), the relationship with other international mechanisms, the rationalization of the rationalization of the problem, and the study of the international mechanism; three Pay attention to the use of scientific research methods, such as the combination of qualitative and historical analysis, the economic perspective and political angle of view, and try to use the research methods of interest analysis, and try to avoid the problems of lack of depth, too subjective.
In the process of research on the construction of G20, the theory of international mechanism and international organization occupies an important position. This article begins with the overview of the global economic governance theory and expounds the G20 problem on the basis of the related theories. The whole framework of the theory is divided into three aspects: one is the world system. The relevant concepts are elaborated for the theoretical framework of origin; two is the study of why G20 is institutionalized from the perspective of international political economics; and the three is to study how the mechanism should be designed from the perspective of international law.
The construction of G20 mechanism is a complicated problem. In the process of designing the mechanism route, this paper also draws the experience and lessons of other international mechanisms, compares the hard WTO with the soft mechanism G7, APEC, and provides a more rich practical background for the nature orientation of the construction of G20 mechanism.
After studying the experiences and lessons of the relevant international mechanism theory and other international mechanisms, the author uses the combination of qualitative and historical analysis, the economic perspective and the political perspective to unify the historical background of G20 as an international mechanism, and unscramble the basic and internal contradictions and development motive, and make a study of the nature of the G20. Make a clear position.
In the analysis of G20, the external contradiction can not be separated from the deep exploration of its member countries. This article further discusses the interests demand and interaction of the G20 member countries, and demonstrates the international relationship basis of the future mechanism of G20 from the perspective of the game, so as to form the important practical reference of the possibility and feasibility analysis of the construction of G20. Exam.
With these studies as the basis, the author demonstrates the possibility and feasibility of the construction of G20, and demonstrates the choice of the legal framework of G20 as an international governance mechanism from the perspective of international soft law. The perspective of international political economics involves the content and essence of the construction of the mechanism of G20, while the perspective of international law is the concrete of the former. The external form is suitable for this form. The combination of the two elements in the G20 research framework complement each other.
In accordance with the principle of objective and innovation, this paper puts forward specific design plans for the future mechanism of G20, and divides the G20 mechanism into three stages: soft informal stage, soft semi mechanism stage and "soft and hard work" mechanism stage.
The main task of the soft informal phase is to make a preliminary paving for soft and semi institutionalized construction through specific preparatory work. The St Petersburg summit in St Petersburg has made clear the main task of economic recovery: "how to start the investment engine and how to build the international financial architecture and prevent the new crisis." In order to achieve the goal of reducing risks, we use the St Petersburg summit as the formal start of the institutionalization.
The soft semi mechanism phase is the mission of G20 to focus on the future long-term global co-ordination mechanism. The transition to the semi mechanism phase is the only way, that is, to strengthen the G20 organizational structure and the specialized setting of the issues, which also conforms to the formation law of the soft legal characteristics of the G20 mechanism, that is, the forming of the soft law mechanism must be programmed, transparent and standardized. In order to strive for the objectivity of the study, the author makes the feasibility analysis of the presupposition for the alternative, so that the reader can judge and discriminate independently. The special setting of the issue construction is divided into three steps: economic discussion. Specialization of topics, specialization of financial topics and diversification of topics.
The institutionalization stage of "soft and hard work" is focused on five aspects of the G20 mechanism construction program: 1. gradual expansion, open issue area; 2. strict member countries access system; 3. G20 decision-making mechanism construction; 4. multi-level meeting and consultation framework construction; construction of 5.G20 resolution implementation mechanism; 6. mutual evaluation procedure construction.
As one of the G20 member countries, China's behavior will have an important impact on the development of the G20 mechanism. Similarly, as the most effective platform for China's participation in international affairs, G20 will have a far-reaching impact on China. The last chapter of this paper puts forward a point of view on the construction of G20 mechanism from the perspective of China, that is, the Chinese strategy in the construction of G20 mechanism. From China's attitude and position, the G20 mechanism for China's potential benefits, the construction of G20 mechanism for China's constraints and potential risks and other issues, and put forward China's strategy for the construction of the G20 mechanism.
The global political polarization and economic globalization are unstoppable. Economic issues such as finance, trade, investment and other economic issues, as well as security challenges, such as energy security, climate change, food security and counter-terrorism, are increasingly inseparable. The G20 summit provides the best communication platform for global problems. However, because of the different economic demands of countries, the comprehensive strength of each group is different, As well as the changes in the world pattern, the interweave and game of the interests of all parties are often difficult to achieve a win-win result. How to overcome this dilemma in order to ensure the sustainable development of the world economy is an issue that needs deep thinking and perpetual attention in the process of building the G20 mechanism.
【学位授予单位】：对外经济贸易大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：F114.4;F116

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