跨国公司行为对中等收入陷阱国家经济的影响

发布时间：2018-06-21 14:42

本文选题：跨国公司 + 内部化　；参考：《山西大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：中等收入陷阱的概念是由世界银行于2006年发布的《东亚经济半年报》中率先提出的,是指一些国家人均国民收入进入中等阶段之后,即使经济经历很长一段时间发展,人均国民收入还是很难进入高收入阶段。它们普遍存在这样的问题：国内劳动力成本上涨,在工资方面无法与低收入国家竞争,同时由于技术创新不足,又很难与先进的发达国家展开竞争。人均GDP低于900美元的国家,叫“低收入国家”；人均GDP在900美元到3500美元这一阶段,称作“低中等收入国家”；人均GDP在3500美元到11000美元之间的,叫做“高中等收入国家”①。2009年我国的人均国民收入共计3750美元,已进入中等收入国家的行列。然而,我国存在贫富差距过大,贪污受贿问题滋生、城乡发展失衡、环境污染、公共服务资源分布、分配不均等社会问题,因而,与拉美典型中等收入陷阱国家有很强的相似性,有跌入中等收入陷阱的可能。研究中等收入陷阱形成原因,并且找到规避陷阱的办法,能够有效的保证我国经济发展的持续性和稳定性。传统产业组织理论认为,市场构成主体的行为不同,其市场行为会对市场绩效产生不同的影响,本文即在产业组织理论视角下研究跨国公司对中等收入陷阱国家经济的影响。认为拉美等典型陷阱国家经济长期徘徊不前,是因为主导其国民经济命脉的产业,其市场结构的主要构成是大型跨国公司,拉美国家在自由化过程中,外国企业通过跨国并购的方式,迅速占据拉美市场,在金融、汽车、电信等行业形成寡占型市场结构,通过转移定价、中间品采购、设置技术壁垒等方式,转移企业利润,导致了拉美国家收入差距恶化、技术断层、国家贸易逆差不断扩大,最终影响其资本积累,进而经济发展动力不足,对外资依存度大,年均经济增长率低,人均可支配收入差距大,消费对经济增长贡献难以发挥作用,最后陷入中等收入陷阱。吸取拉美国家经验教训,本文认为我国规避中等收入陷阱应该从规范对外资并购监督检查、扶持本土企业、提高综合竞争力、完善社会保障等入手。
[Abstract]:The concept of the middle-income trap was first put forward by the World Bank in the East Asian Economic Biannual report published in 2006, meaning that some countries have entered the middle stage of their per capita national income, even though the economy has developed over a long period of time. Per capita national income is still very difficult to enter the high income stage. They have widespread problems: rising domestic labour costs, inability to compete with low-income countries in wages, and difficulties in competing with advanced developed countries because of inadequate technological innovation. Countries with a per capita GDP of less than $900 are called "low-income countries"; countries with a GDP per capita of $900 to $3500 are called "low- and middle-income countries"; those with a GDP of between $3500 and $11000 per capita, Called "high school income countries" 1. In 2009, China's per capita national income amounted to $3750, which has been ranked among the middle income countries. However, the gap between the rich and the poor is too large, the problem of corruption and bribery is breeding, the development of urban and rural areas is out of balance, the environment is polluted, the distribution of public service resources and the distribution of unequal social problems exist. There is a strong similarity with the typical middle-income trap countries in Latin America, and it is possible to fall into the middle-income trap. Studying the causes of middle income trap and finding ways to avoid it can effectively guarantee the sustainability and stability of China's economic development. According to the traditional theory of industrial organization, the market behavior of different market components will have different effects on market performance. This paper studies the impact of transnational corporations on the economy of middle-income trap countries from the perspective of industrial organization theory. It is believed that the economy of Latin America and other typical trap countries has been stagnant for a long time because of the industries that dominate the lifeblood of their national economy, and the market structure of which is mainly composed of large multinational corporations, and the Latin American countries are in the process of liberalization. Through cross-border mergers and acquisitions, foreign enterprises have rapidly occupied the Latin American market, formed an oligopolistic market structure in the finance, automobile and telecommunications industries, and transferred the profits of enterprises through transfer pricing, procurement of intermediate goods, and setting up technical barriers, etc. As a result, the income gap in Latin American countries worsened, the technological gap and the country's trade deficit continued to expand, which ultimately affected its capital accumulation, which in turn had insufficient impetus for economic development, a high degree of dependence on foreign capital, and a low annual economic growth rate. Per capita disposable income gap is large, consumption contribution to economic growth is difficult to play a role, and finally fall into the middle income trap. Based on the experience and lessons of Latin American countries, this paper holds that China should start with standardizing the supervision and inspection of foreign M & A, supporting local enterprises, improving comprehensive competitiveness and perfecting social security in order to avoid the middle-income trap.
【学位授予单位】：山西大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：F276.7;F124

【相似文献】