贵阳市城乡居民收入差距扩大化现象研究

发布时间：2018-06-21 15:06

本文选题：收入分配差距 + 城乡居民　；参考：《华中师范大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：居民收入差距不断扩大的趋势,城乡居民收入不合理扩大的普遍存在和日趋严重,不仅直接影响了社会经济效率的提高,进而危及到了整个社会的稳定,愈发成为社会关注的热点问题。1992年,随着贵阳市行政区划的调整“三县一市”(息烽县、修文县、开阳县、清镇市)并入管辖,贵阳市农村面积扩大,农业人口增多,大城市大农村的城乡二元结构由此形成,城乡居民收入差距不断扩大,区域发展不平衡问题开始日益显著。西部内陆省会城市贵阳出现的这种现象,具有我国很多地区特别是中西部省会城市的共有基本特点,是全国城乡居民收入差距扩大的一个缩影。本文旨在通过对中西部省会城市之一——贵阳市,城市居民与农村居民收入差距变化、体现的规律及影响作用因素等问题进行研究,探索发现缩小城市居民与农村居民收入差距的对策、统筹城乡发展的措施、加快城乡一体化进程的途径。不仅对贵阳深入实施西部大开发战略,落实《关于进一步促进贵州经济社会又好又快发展的若干意见》即国发(2012〕2号文件,建设全国生态文明示范城市,构建和谐生态的贵阳,在全省率先建成全面小康社会具有重要的现实指导意义,并能够在西部地区乃至全国具有一定是示范引领带动的作用。本文在对国内、国外经济社会理论进行了深刻研究思考的基础上,以李嘉图收入分配理论、卡尔多的模型、库兹涅茨的倒U型理论、刘易斯的二元经济理论和马克思对收入分配理论为基础,采取实证分析与比较分析相结合的研究方法,对改革开放以来,特别是1992年行政区划调整后,贵阳市城乡居民绝对收入差距扩大十分明显,城乡居民基尼系数逐年上升进行了研究。归纳了导致城乡居民收入差距的自然、经济、社会三个方面原因。自然方面的原因有：聚居方式、城乡地理位置的区别与差异。经济方面的原因有：劳动生产率、产业特性差异以及非农产业发展后劲不足等;社会方面的原因有：人口因素、体制因素、政策因素等。分析了扩大的收入差距带来的消极影响,如使有效需求不足、难以有效启动农村市场、导致国民经济的不良循环、影响社会心理等。提出了要通过正确处理效率与公平的关系；统筹城乡发展,解决城乡差距；消除体制性和制度性障碍,建立科学合理的收入分配体系；建立低收入群体的保护机制,完善社会保障体系等四个方面的对策措施,切实缩小城乡居民收入差距。研究表明,贵阳市城乡居民收入差距显著,且存在进一步拉大的趋势。为此,必须在认真分析导致我市居民收入差距扩大的自然、社会、经济方面原因基础上。以全面、长远的可持续生态发展战略为思路,以城乡统筹协调发展为指导,实施积极促进的发展政策,采取切实有效的推进措施,通过破解城乡二元体制,突破制约贵阳市城乡居民生活水平不断提高,收入差距日益缩小的瓶颈。
[Abstract]:The increasing income gap between urban and rural residents is not only directly affecting the improvement of social and economic efficiency, but also endangering the stability of the whole society. In 1992, with the adjustment of the administrative divisions of Guiyang City, "three counties and one city" (Xifeng County, Xiuwen County, Kaiyang County, Qingzhen City) merged into the jurisdiction, the rural area of Guiyang City expanded and the agricultural population increased. As a result, the urban-rural dual structure of large cities and rural areas is formed, the income gap between urban and rural residents is widening, and the imbalance of regional development is becoming increasingly prominent. This phenomenon in Guiyang, the inland capital city of western China, is a microcosm of the widening income gap between urban and rural residents in China, which has the common basic characteristics of many regions in China, especially the provincial capital cities in the central and western regions. The purpose of this paper is to study the changes of income gap between urban and rural residents in Guiyang City, one of the provincial capitals in the central and western regions, the laws of income gap and the influencing factors, etc. This paper explores the countermeasures to narrow the income gap between urban and rural residents, the measures to coordinate the development of urban and rural areas, and the ways to accelerate the process of urban-rural integration. Not only will Guiyang carry out the strategy of developing the western region in depth, but also implement the "opinions on how to further promote the sound and rapid development of Guizhou's economy and society" document No. 2, that is, Guofafa (2012), to build a national model city of ecological civilization. The construction of the harmonious ecology in Guiyang, the first to build an overall well-off society in the province has important practical significance, and can play a leading role in the western region and even in the whole country. On the basis of deep research on the economic and social theories at home and abroad, this paper uses Ricardo's income distribution theory, Caldo's model, Kuznets' inverted U type theory, On the basis of Lewis' dual economic theory and Marx's theory of income distribution, this paper adopts the research method of combining empirical analysis with comparative analysis. After the reform and opening up to the outside world, especially after the adjustment of administrative divisions in 1992, The gap of absolute income between urban and rural residents in Guiyang is very obvious, and the Gini coefficient of urban and rural residents is increasing year by year. The natural, economic and social reasons leading to the income gap between urban and rural residents are summarized. Natural reasons are: settlement, urban and rural geographical location differences and differences. The economic reasons are labor productivity, industrial characteristics difference and lack of stamina in the development of non-agricultural industries, and social reasons include population factors, institutional factors, policy factors and so on. This paper analyzes the negative effects of the widening income gap, such as insufficient effective demand, difficulty in effectively starting the rural market, bad circulation of national economy, and influence of social psychology, and so on. We should deal with the relationship between efficiency and equity correctly, coordinate urban and rural development, solve the gap between urban and rural areas, eliminate institutional and institutional obstacles, establish a scientific and reasonable income distribution system, and establish a protection mechanism for low-income groups. Improve the social security system and other four aspects of countermeasures and measures to effectively narrow the income gap between urban and rural residents. The study shows that the income gap between urban and rural residents in Guiyang City is significant, and there is a trend of further widening. Therefore, it is necessary to analyze the natural, social and economic reasons that lead to the widening of income gap among residents in our city. Taking the comprehensive and long-term sustainable ecological development strategy as the train of thought, taking the overall and coordinated development of urban and rural areas as the guidance, implementing the development policy actively promoted, taking practical and effective measures to promote it, and by cracking down on the urban-rural dual system, Breaking through the bottleneck that restricts the improvement of living standard and narrowing of income gap between urban and rural residents in Guiyang.
【学位授予单位】：华中师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：F124.7

【参考文献】