中美经济对比中的民生与效率——以产值统计为基础分析

发布时间：2018-06-29 07:27

  本文选题：国内生产总值 + 人均国内生产总值　； 参考：《四川大学学报(哲学社会科学版)》2017年05期

【摘要】：近三十余年来中美经济实力对比发生了较大的变化。无论是按美元现价计算的国内生产总值位居世界第二,还是按购买力平价计算的国内生产总值已超越美国成为世界第一,都展示了中国经济的崛起与规模的庞大。而人均国内生产总值与就业者人均国内生产总值的增长则分别体现了中国民生基础的改善与投入效率的提高。但同改革开放前夕比较,中国人均国内生产总值及就业者人均国内生产总值与包括美国在内的主要发达国家的差距却依然明显甚至有所扩大。但这未必反映出民生与效率的实际差距。重要原因之一是在中国特殊的人口结构及受此影响的消费方式下,产值统计对中国建设成就与财富增长有低估倾向。对中国而言,经济结构的调整比产值的提高更为重要。在结构调整尚未完成之前,还需防止以出口促进增长过程中通过运用比较劣势提升了产值,实际上却使经济实力受损的现象出现。
[Abstract]:Over the past 30 years, the comparison of economic strength between China and the United States has undergone great changes. Whether it is the world's second largest gross domestic product at current dollar prices or at purchasing power parity, it has overtaken the United States to become the largest in the world, demonstrating the rise and size of China's economy. The growth of per capita GDP and employment per capita GDP respectively reflects the improvement of China's livelihood foundation and the improvement of investment efficiency. However, compared with the eve of reform and opening up, the gap between China's per capita GDP and the per capita GDP of employed persons and the major developed countries, including the United States, is still obvious and even widening. But this does not necessarily reflect the actual gap between people's livelihood and efficiency. One of the important reasons is that under the special population structure and the consumption mode affected by it, the output value statistics tend to underestimate China's construction achievements and wealth growth. For China, the adjustment of economic structure is more important than the increase of output value. Before the structural adjustment is completed, it is also necessary to prevent the phenomenon of increasing output value through the use of comparative disadvantage in the process of export-promoting growth, but actually making the economic strength suffer.
【作者单位】： 中国社会科学院美国研究所经济室;
【分类号】：F124;F171.2
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本文编号：2081364