京津冀地区高技术产业结构问题研究

发布时间：2018-07-01 16:44

本文选题：京津冀 + 高技术产业结构　；参考：《北京交通大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：高技术产业是驱动国家技术创新和经济增长的新极点,发展高技术产业对提升国际竞争力、推动经济结构转型升级,激活经济疲态具有积极作用。京津冀作为我国在北方地区培育的经济中心,承担着成为既长三角、珠三角后,我国高技术产业发展第三极的重大使命。合理的高技术产业结构,对京津冀地区高技术产业链的分工协作、创新资源在区域内部的流动及辐射带动周边区域创新发展与产业升级都有促进作用,也是推动京津冀协同发展的重要着力点。因此对高技术产业结构展开研究,了解其产业结构现状,发现产业结构中存在的问题,对实现产业结构优化,促进高技术产业发展具有重要意义。本文运用1998-2014年高技术产业相关数据,首先对京津冀地区高技术产业的发展状况进行梳理并对其产业的内部结构和空间结构进行分析,指出了高技术产业现存的结构性和制度性问题。然后在对高技术产业结构合理化的实质和目标研究的基础上,选取了三个切入点对高技术产业结构进行评价。一是基于产业生命周期视角,通过构建Logistic曲线方程,对京津冀地区高技术产业各行业的成长阶段进行研究;二是运用区域分工指数和地方专业化指数对京津冀地区高技术产业的空间结构进行了测度,探索京津冀高技术区域产业分工布局;三是结合数据包络分析法(DEA)对高技术产业投入—产出结构进行了分析。最后得出研究结论并就高技术产业结构存在的问题提出了相应的对策与建议。研究表明:(1)近年来京津冀地区高技术产业得到了较大的发展,形成了以电子及通信设备制造业为主导产业,医药制造业快速增长,医疗设备及仪器仪表设备制造业和航空航天器制造业稳步上升,计算机及办公设备制造业发展减缓的行业格局。产业发展存在:①结构性问题包括:各行业发展水平差距明显,主导行业利润率低;研发投入要素利用效率不高,产业化转换能力不足;高技术企业研发能力不足多且处于全球价值链和产业分工低端环节,贸易逆差严重;京、津、冀三地高技术产业发展水平差别明显,区域合作协同不足,高技术产业园区模式单一。②制度性问题包括:高技术产业发展的政策环境仍需要改善;缺乏具有风险管理经验的高技术企业家。(2)京津冀地区电子及通讯设备制造业处于成熟期,计算机及办公用品处于成长后期,医药制造业与医疗设备及仪器仪表制造业均处于成长前期,处于不同成长阶段的产业对产业结构的影响和调整方向不同。(3)京津冀高技术产业空间结构不存在严重的同构现象,北京市高技术产业各行业发展较为均衡,天津市的电子及通讯设备制造业、河北省的医药制造业在地区具有明显优势。但区域内部带有明显的发达地区和欠发达地区的产业梯度分工方式,即地区间产业虽然存在一定程度的互补性,但依然具有较强的依附性。(4)京津冀高技术产业总体投入—产出结构不合理,资源配置效率低,各主要投入要素均出现冗余,尤其是创新要素投入利用率偏低,利润产出不足情况也较为严重。从行业内部来看,处于成熟期的电子及通讯设备制造业和成长后期的计算机及办公用品制造业的要素利用率低,产业步入规模递减阶段,产业发展呈现疲态,利润产出不足的情况严重。处于成长前期的医药制造业与医疗设备及仪器仪表制造业的技术经费投入内部结构不合理造成的冗余严重,因其主要以技术引进和改造作为主要的创新手段,自主创新能力相对较弱,产业的核心技术对外依存程度依然严重,更多是跟随模仿或移植国外技术并进行国际产业链低端环节的产能扩张。从地区间来看,京津两市的投入冗余主要集中在RD投入及人力资本投入,而河北省的投入要素冗余则主要存在于固定资产投入,地区间资源配置不合理,创新要素在区域间流动不畅。
[Abstract]:High technology industry is the new pole to drive national technological innovation and economic growth. Developing high technology industry has a positive effect on promoting international competitiveness, promoting economic structure transformation and upgrading and activating economic fatigue. As an economic center in the northern region, Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei bear the high technology of China as the Yangtze River Delta and the Pearl River Delta. The important mission of the third pole of industrial development. The rational high-tech industrial structure, the division and cooperation of the high-tech industrial chain in Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei region, the flow of innovative resources in the region and the radiation driving the innovation and development of the surrounding region and the industrial upgrading, are also the key points for promoting the coordinated development of Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei. The study of industrial structure, the understanding of the status of its industrial structure and the discovery of the problems in the industrial structure are of great significance to the realization of the optimization of the industrial structure and the promotion of the development of the high-tech industry. In this paper, the development status of the high-tech industries in Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei is combed and the industry of Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei is first reviewed with 1998-2014 years of high technology industry related data. The internal structure and the spatial structure are analyzed, and the existing structural and institutional problems of the high-tech industry are pointed out. Then, on the basis of the research on the essence and the target of the rationalization of the high-tech industrial structure, three entry points are selected to evaluate the high-tech industrial structure. One is based on the industrial life cycle perspective, through the construction of Logist IC curve equation, the growth stage of high-tech industries in Beijing Tianjin Hebei region is studied. Two is to use regional division of labor index and local specialization index to measure the spatial structure of high-tech industries in Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei region, explore the regional industrial division of industry in Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei Province, and the three is the combination of data envelopment analysis (DEA) for high technology. The investment output structure of the operation industry is analyzed. Finally, the conclusions are drawn and the corresponding countermeasures and suggestions are put forward on the problems of the high-tech industrial structure. (1) the high technology industry in Beijing Tianjin Hebei region has been greatly developed in recent years, and the manufacturing industry of electronic and communication equipment is the leading industry, and the pharmaceutical manufacturing industry has been formed. Rapid growth, medical equipment and instrumentation equipment manufacturing industry and aviation and spacecraft manufacturing industry steadily rising, computer and office equipment manufacturing industry development slowed down industry pattern. Industrial development exists: 1 structural problems include: the development level gap of various industries is obvious, leading industry profit rate is low; research and development input factor utilization efficiency is not high, production The ability of industrialization conversion is insufficient; the R & D ability of high-tech enterprises is insufficient and is in the global value chain and the low end of industrial division of labor, the trade deficit is serious; the development level of high-tech industries in Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei three areas is distinct, the regional cooperation and cooperation are insufficient and the high-tech industrial park mode is single. The policy environment still needs to be improved, and the high-tech entrepreneurs with risk management experience are lack. (2) the manufacturing industry of electronic and communication equipment in Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei is in the mature period, and the computer and office supplies are in the late growth period. The pharmaceutical manufacturing industry and medical equipment and instrument manufacturing industry are in the early stage of growth and are at different stages of growth. The influence and adjustment direction of the industrial structure are different. (3) there is no serious isomorphism in the space structure of high technology industry in Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei Province. The development of Beijing high-tech industries is more balanced, the electronic and communication equipment manufacturing industry in Tianjin, and the pharmaceutical manufacturing industry in Hebei Province has obvious advantages. The industrial gradient division mode in regional and underdeveloped areas, that is, although there is a certain degree of complementarity in the inter regional industry, but still has strong dependence. (4) the overall input and output structure of the high-tech industry in Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei is not reasonable, the efficiency of the resource allocation is low, and the main input factors are redundant, especially the input and utilization of the innovative elements. In the industry, the factor utilization rate of computer and office supplies in the mature period of electronic and communication equipment manufacturing industry and the later growth period is low, and the industry has entered the stage of decline in scale, the industrial development is exhausted and the profit output is insufficient. The internal structure of medical equipment and medical equipment and instrument manufacturing industry is seriously redundant. Because it mainly takes technology introduction and transformation as the main innovation means, the ability of independent innovation is relatively weak, the core technology of industry is still serious, and more is following imitation or migration. From the regional point of view, the investment redundancy of two cities in Beijing and Tianjin is mainly concentrated on RD input and human capital input, while the redundancy of input elements in Hebei mainly exists in fixed assets investment, the allocation of resources between regions is unreasonable, and the flow of innovation elements is not smooth between regions.
【学位授予单位】：北京交通大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：F127

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