俄罗斯产业结构演变分析
发布时间：2018-07-24 14:00
【摘要】：产业结构和经济增长相互影响，相互作用。良好的产业结构必然会促进经济的持续健康的发展。研究不同时期产业结构的状况和政府针对这种产业结构状况实施的经济政策，有助于加深对于影响俄产业结构的主要因素的分析，从而为制定正确的经济政策，实现产业结构的优化升级奠定基础，也可以为我国产业结构的调整提供一定的借鉴意义。本文具体分析了不同政府时期采取的不同的经济政策及对产业结构状况的影响，主要有：前苏联政府由于对国际形势的错误估计，采取国民经济军事化的经济政策，造成了重轻工业比重严重失调的产业状况，并且导致经济发展困难重重。叶利钦政府在面临这些经济问题时，采取了“休克疗法”，迅速由计划经济转向市场经济，采取加速国民经济私有化和全面实行对外开放的经济政策，但转型总体来说是不成功的，不但没有缓解重轻工业比重失调的问题，，还造成了高通胀水平和产出的下降。普京政府注意在保护私有经济的同时加大国家对于重点行业和关键领域的支持力度，积极地为市场经济的发展创造良好的环境。虽然普京时期仍然是以重工业为主的工业结构，出口结构的能源和原材料化趋势并没有发生改变，但经济一直保持高速增长，贫困率和失业率水平也降下来了。梅普时期由于遭遇全球经济危机，经济增长率下降，但高通胀率也显著下降。政府提出了“社会创新的发展模式”来代替传统的能源型，和现代化方案，重视科技在产业结构调整中的作用，并用先进的技术来改造传统的产业。虽然梅普时期的发展方向正确，但是其以重工业为主的工业结构和出口结构能源、原材料化的状况仍旧没有改善。在介绍了俄不同政府阶段的不同经济政策和对于产业结构的影响之后从供给和需求方面简要分析了影响俄产业结构的主要因素。在分析这些因素的基础上提出了《2020—2030年俄罗斯社会经济发展主要指标预测》进而决定了俄要走创新型发展方案并辅以数据证明。之后根据俄的产业结构影响因素分析了创新型发展方案的障碍和挑战，包括经济体制，高通胀率，科技转化效率，人口因素以及国际分工的问题。随后对俄产业结构状况带给中国的启示（比如产业结构的状况，政府企业和市场的关系等）做了分析，虽然俄产业结构调整和经济发展找到了正确的方向，但发展过程必然存在着众多的障碍和挑战，可以说是困难重重，需要继续在实践中探索。
[Abstract]:Industrial structure and economic growth interact and interact. A good industrial structure will inevitably promote the sustained and healthy development of the economy. The study of the situation of industrial structure in different periods and the economic policies implemented by the government in view of this industrial structure situation will help to deepen the analysis of the main factors affecting the industrial structure of Russia, so as to formulate correct economic policies. Realizing the optimization and upgrading of industrial structure lays a foundation for the adjustment of industrial structure in China. This paper analyzes the different economic policies adopted by different governments in different periods and their influence on the industrial structure. The main reasons are as follows: the former Soviet Union government adopted the economic policy of militarization of the national economy because of its erroneous estimation of the international situation. Heavy light industry caused serious imbalance of the industrial situation, and lead to economic development difficulties. In the face of these economic problems, the Yeltsin government adopted "shock therapy", rapidly shifting from a planned economy to a market economy, adopting an economic policy of accelerating the privatization of the national economy and fully opening up to the outside world. But the transition was largely unsuccessful, not only to alleviate the imbalance in heavy and light industry, but also to reduce high inflation and output. Putin's government pays attention to protecting the private economy while increasing the state's support for key industries and key fields, and actively creates a good environment for the development of the market economy. While Putin's period was still dominated by heavy industry and the trend towards energy and raw-material exports has not changed, the economy has been growing at a high rate, and poverty and unemployment levels have fallen. The Mayp era suffered from the global economic crisis, the economic growth rate fell, but high inflation rate also fell significantly. The government put forward "the development mode of social innovation" to replace the traditional energy type and modernization plan, attach importance to the role of science and technology in the adjustment of industrial structure, and use advanced technology to reform the traditional industry. Although the development direction of the Meip period is correct, its industrial structure and export structure energy, which is dominated by heavy industry, has not been improved. After introducing different economic policies in different stages of Russian government and their influence on industrial structure, this paper briefly analyzes the main factors affecting Russian industrial structure from the aspects of supply and demand. Based on the analysis of these factors, this paper puts forward the prediction of the main indicators of Russian social and economic development in 2020-2030, which determines that Russia should take an innovative development plan and is supported by data to prove it. Then, according to the influence factors of Russian industrial structure, this paper analyzes the obstacles and challenges of innovative development schemes, including economic system, high inflation rate, efficiency of scientific and technological transformation, population factors and international division of labor. Subsequently, the enlightenment of the Russian industrial structure to China (such as the industrial structure, the relationship between government enterprises and the market, etc.) was analyzed, although the readjustment of the Russian industrial structure and the development of the economy have found the right direction. However, there must be many obstacles and challenges in the process of development, which can be said to be full of difficulties and need to be explored in practice.
【学位授予单位】：兰州交通大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：F151.2
本文编号：2141600
[Abstract]:Industrial structure and economic growth interact and interact. A good industrial structure will inevitably promote the sustained and healthy development of the economy. The study of the situation of industrial structure in different periods and the economic policies implemented by the government in view of this industrial structure situation will help to deepen the analysis of the main factors affecting the industrial structure of Russia, so as to formulate correct economic policies. Realizing the optimization and upgrading of industrial structure lays a foundation for the adjustment of industrial structure in China. This paper analyzes the different economic policies adopted by different governments in different periods and their influence on the industrial structure. The main reasons are as follows: the former Soviet Union government adopted the economic policy of militarization of the national economy because of its erroneous estimation of the international situation. Heavy light industry caused serious imbalance of the industrial situation, and lead to economic development difficulties. In the face of these economic problems, the Yeltsin government adopted "shock therapy", rapidly shifting from a planned economy to a market economy, adopting an economic policy of accelerating the privatization of the national economy and fully opening up to the outside world. But the transition was largely unsuccessful, not only to alleviate the imbalance in heavy and light industry, but also to reduce high inflation and output. Putin's government pays attention to protecting the private economy while increasing the state's support for key industries and key fields, and actively creates a good environment for the development of the market economy. While Putin's period was still dominated by heavy industry and the trend towards energy and raw-material exports has not changed, the economy has been growing at a high rate, and poverty and unemployment levels have fallen. The Mayp era suffered from the global economic crisis, the economic growth rate fell, but high inflation rate also fell significantly. The government put forward "the development mode of social innovation" to replace the traditional energy type and modernization plan, attach importance to the role of science and technology in the adjustment of industrial structure, and use advanced technology to reform the traditional industry. Although the development direction of the Meip period is correct, its industrial structure and export structure energy, which is dominated by heavy industry, has not been improved. After introducing different economic policies in different stages of Russian government and their influence on industrial structure, this paper briefly analyzes the main factors affecting Russian industrial structure from the aspects of supply and demand. Based on the analysis of these factors, this paper puts forward the prediction of the main indicators of Russian social and economic development in 2020-2030, which determines that Russia should take an innovative development plan and is supported by data to prove it. Then, according to the influence factors of Russian industrial structure, this paper analyzes the obstacles and challenges of innovative development schemes, including economic system, high inflation rate, efficiency of scientific and technological transformation, population factors and international division of labor. Subsequently, the enlightenment of the Russian industrial structure to China (such as the industrial structure, the relationship between government enterprises and the market, etc.) was analyzed, although the readjustment of the Russian industrial structure and the development of the economy have found the right direction. However, there must be many obstacles and challenges in the process of development, which can be said to be full of difficulties and need to be explored in practice.
【学位授予单位】：兰州交通大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：F151.2
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