我国国有垄断行业高收入及规制对策研究

发布时间：2018-08-07 20:57

【摘要】：自改革开放以来,我国经济产生了天翻地覆的转变,居民生活水平和质量迅速提升,但是居民收入水平的差距也逐渐拉大。尽管中央已推出一系列方针政策推进收入分配制度改革,但收入分配悬殊的现象仍然存在,收入分配改革已势在必行。在日益显著的收入差距的问题上,国有垄断行业的高工资、高福利、高收入显的格外的醒目。在收入分配改革的进程中,国有垄断行业职工收入分配高于一般竞争性行业已取得共识,但垄断行业的适度收入分配问题,即垄断行业比一般竞争性行业工资是否应该高和应该高多少为适度的问题显的格外重要。这为收入分配改革提供了理论支持和科学依据,关系着收入分配改革的发展,关系着国有经济的前景。本文采用总结和归纳的方法,在综合考察按劳分配理论的基础上分析我国现阶段社会主义市场经济条件下按劳分配实施的新特点以及相对应的新对策。本文以按劳分配理论和按要素分配理论为依据：按劳分配理论规定在做了各项社会扣除之后,按照劳动者提供劳动的质量和数量分配劳动报酬,劳动者的个人能力和素质的差别会引起收入分配的差别。按生产要素分配理论规定,各种要素所有者按照生产要素对于创造产品的贡献参与分配,国有经济使用的国有资源、国有资本,应该按贡献得到相应的回报。来源于垄断的部分应作为红利上缴国库；来源于垄断行业职工素质高于一般竞争性行业的部分应留给职工作为劳动报酬。本文运用Oaxaca-Blinder分解法得到国有垄断行业职工收入高于一般竞争性行业的部分,结合现实数据,实证分析国有垄断行业的适度收入分配问题。并根据以上研究的结论结合理论分析结果,提出针对性的对策和建议。本文有三处创新点：一是关于按劳分配理论的创新。马克思在讲国民收入(在今天实施的按劳分配中应该是企业收入)在给劳动者按劳分配之前,要先做必要的社会扣除,其扣除的根据可以概括为是当时的经济社会发展需要,由于马克思设想的按劳分配是全社会单一的公有制条件下的以整个社会为统一的分配单位,并不存在一个不同所有制并存和不同行业收入差距的问题。因此,这里针对今天的这些新情况创新了按劳分配理论,就是要把按劳分配前社会扣除的份额,不仅要满足当时的经济社会发展的需要,还要考虑社会公平和各行业收入的均衡问题。二是提出了垄断对国企收入分配的影响,来源于垄断的收益应上缴,国企职工的按劳分配要与其他行业相照应。三是在对垄断行业职工收入的适度分配作定量研究时,不仅考虑了职工个人的素质,还考虑了职工所在企业的经营和财务状况对职工收入的影响。
[Abstract]:Since the reform and opening up, the economy of our country has changed dramatically, the living standard and quality of the residents have been improved rapidly, but the gap of the income level of the residents has also gradually widened. Although the central government has put forward a series of principles and policies to promote the reform of income distribution system, the phenomenon of income distribution disparity still exists, and the reform of income distribution is imperative. In the increasingly significant income gap, the state-owned monopoly industry of high wages, high welfare, high income is particularly striking. In the process of income distribution reform, it has been agreed that the income distribution of employees in the state-owned monopoly industry is higher than that in the general competitive industry, but the moderate income distribution problem in the monopoly industry. The question of whether the wages of monopoly industry should be higher and higher than that of general competitive industries is particularly important. This provides theoretical support and scientific basis for the reform of income distribution, relates to the development of the reform of income distribution, and relates to the prospect of the state-owned economy. Based on the comprehensive investigation of the theory of distribution according to work, this paper analyzes the new characteristics of distribution according to work under the condition of socialist market economy in our country and the corresponding new countermeasures by means of summing up and inducing. This article is based on the theory of distribution according to work and the theory of distribution according to factors. The theory of distribution according to work stipulates that after all kinds of social deductions are made, the remuneration of labor is allocated according to the quality and quantity of the labor provided by the laborer. The difference of individual ability and quality of laborer can cause the difference of income distribution. According to the theory of distribution of factors of production, the owners of various factors participate in the distribution according to the contribution of factors of production to the creation of products, and the state-owned resources and capital used by the state-owned economy should be rewarded accordingly according to their contributions. The part derived from monopoly should be turned over to the state treasury as a dividend, and the part from monopoly industry whose quality is higher than that of general competitive industry should be left to the worker as labor reward. In this paper, we use Oaxaca-Blinder decomposition method to find out that the income of employees in state-owned monopoly industries is higher than that in general competitive industries. Combining with the actual data, this paper empirically analyzes the problem of moderate income distribution in state-owned monopoly industries. According to the conclusions of the above research and the theoretical analysis results, put forward targeted countermeasures and suggestions. There are three innovations in this paper: one is about the innovation of the theory of distribution according to work. Marx said that national income (in the distribution according to work carried out today should be the income of enterprises) before the distribution of workers according to work, the necessary social deduction should be made. The basis for the deduction can be summarized as the needs of economic and social development at that time. Because the distribution according to work envisaged by Marx is a unified distribution unit based on the whole society under the condition of single public ownership of the whole society, there is not a problem of coexistence of different ownership and income disparity in different industries. Therefore, in view of these new circumstances today, we have innovated the theory of distribution according to work, that is, we should not only meet the needs of economic and social development at that time, but also deduct the shares deducted from society according to work. Also consider social equity and the balanced income of various industries. Second, the paper puts forward the influence of monopoly on the income distribution of state-owned enterprises, which comes from monopoly income should be turned over, and the distribution of workers according to work of state-owned enterprises should be taken care of with other industries. The third is the quantitative study on the appropriate distribution of the staff and workers' income in monopoly industries, not only considering the quality of the staff and workers, but also considering the influence of the management and financial situation of the enterprises where the employees belong on the employees' income.
【学位授予单位】：南京财经大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：F124.7

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