印度的经济改革：动因、成果与前景

发布时间：2018-08-08 15:01

【摘要】：一般认为印度的全面经济改革是指开始于1991年的经济改革。虽然从某种意义上讲，可以说独立以来印度经济改革一直都有，其经济发展模式经历了独立初的尼赫鲁模式到80年代的混合模式再到90年代的市场经济体制模式的发展转变。但是将全面的经济改革界定于1991年以后的原因主要在于：一方面就改革本身而言，之前的政策基本全部被推翻，代之以市场经济体制；另一方面与之前的改革相比，，90年代之前的经济改革严格来说只是对尼赫鲁模式的一种调整，本质上都属于一种半管制的计划经济体制。90年代初，在一系列国内外动因的刺激下，印度开始对其积重难返的经济进行全面改革，转而采市场经济体制模式，从根本上转变经济发展战略。之后印度经济改革的发展历程虽有曲折却总体平稳。2012年可以说是印度实行全面经济改革的第二个十年。辛格政府决定采取新一轮的经济改革措施，却遇到重重障碍。新一轮经济改革为何会遇到如此多的障碍，其第三个十年前景如何。本文通过对90年代初期开启印度全面经济改革的动因及其两个十年的改革进程、成果及原因的综合分析，得出尽管影响印度经济改革的有利和不利因素很多很杂，但是其中影响印度改革进程最本质最关键的因素可以说是政治制度与经济体制的不相适应的互动关系，新一轮改革及未来的改革都应更多的关注这一点。此外，随着印度经济改革的推进，其得与失对与之具有重要地缘关系和面临相同境遇的邻国中国的经济改革来说也有重要借鉴意义。
[Abstract]:India's overall economic reform is generally regarded as the economic reform that began in 1991. Although, in a sense, India's economic reform has always existed since independence, its economic development model has experienced the development and transformation from Nehru model to mixed model in 1980s and then to market economy system model in 1990s. However, the main reasons for defining the comprehensive economic reform after 1991 are as follows: on the one hand, as far as the reform itself is concerned, the previous policies were basically overthrown and replaced by the market economy system; On the other hand, compared with the previous reforms, the economic reforms before the 1990s were strictly an adjustment to the Nehru model. In essence, they all belonged to a semi-regulated planned economic system. At the beginning of the 1990s, they were stimulated by a series of domestic and foreign motives. India began to carry on the comprehensive reform to the economy which its long-term accumulation is not easy to solve, adopted the market economy system pattern, and fundamentally changed the economic development strategy. Since then, India's economic reform process has been tortuous but generally stable. 2012 can be said to be the second decade of India's comprehensive economic reform. Singh's government decided to take a new round of economic reform measures, but encountered obstacles. Why there are so many obstacles to the new round of economic reform and what is the outlook for the third decade. Based on the comprehensive analysis of the causes, achievements and causes of India's overall economic reform in the early 1990s, the paper concludes that although there are many favorable and unfavorable factors affecting India's economic reform, However, the most essential and crucial factor affecting India's reform process can be said to be the interaction between political system and economic system, which should be paid more attention to in the new round of reform and future reform. In addition, with the development of India's economic reform, its gains and losses are of great significance to the economic reform of China, which has important geographical relations with India and is facing the same circumstances.
【学位授予单位】：上海国际问题研究院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：F135.1

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