日本国民收入倍增计划及对中国收入分配的启示
发布时间：2018-08-15 15:46
【摘要】：日本政府于1960年制定了国民收入倍增计划，定下1961—1970年十年间国民生产总值和人均国民收入增长1倍的经济目标。该计划从产业结构高级化、充实社会资本、培训人才、促进对外贸易与国际合作等方面实现经济的快速发展。同时，日本政府更加注重收入分配方面的改革，包括切实解决“三农问题”、促进中小企业现代化、缩小地区间所得差距、纠正各收入阶层级差、完善财政政策与社保机制等，，以缩小农业与非农业之间、大企业与中小企业之间、地区之间的收入差距，改善经济发展不平衡的状况，使经济发展的成果惠及全民。计划实施后，日本大部分经济指标都超额完成，国民生活水平大幅提高，成为西方世界仅次于美国的第二大经济强国，实现了国富民强，改善了收入分配状况，成为发达国家中的领跑者。 目前的中国与当时的日本都处于工业化发展中期，面临经济社会发展中的诸多问题，尤其是在收入分配领域的问题。我国城乡分割的“二元“经济体制的长期存在加剧了城乡收入差距，中西部地区在自然条件、国家政策等方面与东部地区相比还存在较大差异，垄断行业收入畸高使得行业收入差距日益显著，“灰色”收入的存在扭曲了收入分配结构。经济发展严重不平衡的局面，不仅抑制了国内需求进而制约我国经济的快速发展，而且加剧了社会矛盾，引发一系列社会问题。随着收入差距的不断扩大，贫困人口将不断增加，由贫困现象导致的社会问题将会严重影响社会的稳定发展。 我国应借鉴日本国民收入倍增计划，尤其是收入分配方面的改革，如推进农业现代化、加大对中小企业的支持力度、促进劳动力流动、健全社会保障制度等，改善收入分配差距过大局面，由“国富“向”民富“转变。但与日本相比，我国收入分配问题更加严峻和复杂，因此，文章认为借鉴日本经验进行收入分配改革应结合我国的国情，探索出一条符合我国国情的收入分配改革道路，主要措施有：对国企和垄断行业的收入分配进行根本性改革；健全工会组织进而建立工资集体协商制度；打破二元户籍制度，推进城镇化进程；深化税制改革，调节收入再分配机制；改革社会保险制度以完善社会保障体系。
[Abstract]:The Japanese government formulated a plan for doubling national income in 1960, setting an economic goal of doubling gross national product and per capita national income in the decade 1961-1970. The plan aims to upgrade the industrial structure, enrich social capital, train talents, and promote the rapid economic development of foreign trade and international cooperation. At the same time, the Japanese government has paid more attention to the reform of income distribution, including effectively resolving the "three rural issues," promoting the modernization of small and medium-sized enterprises, narrowing the income gap between regions, rectifying the income gap among different income classes, and perfecting the fiscal policy and social security mechanism, and so on. In order to narrow the income gap between agriculture and non-agriculture, between large enterprises and small and medium-sized enterprises, between regions, to improve the imbalance of economic development, so that the results of economic development will benefit the whole people. Since the implementation of the plan, most of Japan's economic indicators have been overfulfilled, and the standard of living of its people has been greatly improved. It has become the second largest economic power in the western world after the United States, has achieved national prosperity and people's strength, and has improved its income distribution. To become a leader in the developed world. At present, both China and Japan are in the middle stage of industrialization and face many problems in economic and social development, especially in the field of income distribution. The long-term existence of the "dual" economic system of urban-rural division in China has aggravated the income gap between urban and rural areas, and there are still large differences between the central and western regions in terms of natural conditions, national policies, and so on, compared with the eastern regions. The abnormal income of monopoly industry makes the income gap become more and more obvious, and the existence of "grey" income distorts the income distribution structure. The serious imbalance of economic development not only restrains domestic demand and restricts the rapid development of our economy, but also intensifies social contradictions and causes a series of social problems. With the expansion of income gap, the number of poor people will continue to increase, and the social problems caused by poverty will seriously affect the stable development of society. China should draw lessons from Japan's national income doubling plan, especially the reform of income distribution, such as promoting agricultural modernization, increasing support for small and medium-sized enterprises, promoting labor mobility, and improving the social security system, etc. To improve the income distribution gap, from "national rich" to "people rich" transition. However, compared with Japan, the problem of income distribution in our country is more severe and complex. Therefore, the article holds that the reform of income distribution should be combined with the national conditions of our country and find a way to reform the income distribution in accordance with the national conditions of our country. The main measures include: fundamental reform of income distribution in state-owned enterprises and monopolistic industries; improvement of trade union organizations and further establishment of a collective wage consultation system; breaking the dual household registration system and promoting the urbanization process; deepening tax system reform; Adjust the income redistribution mechanism and reform the social insurance system to perfect the social security system.
【学位授予单位】：山东师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：F131.3;F124.7
本文编号：2184669
[Abstract]:The Japanese government formulated a plan for doubling national income in 1960, setting an economic goal of doubling gross national product and per capita national income in the decade 1961-1970. The plan aims to upgrade the industrial structure, enrich social capital, train talents, and promote the rapid economic development of foreign trade and international cooperation. At the same time, the Japanese government has paid more attention to the reform of income distribution, including effectively resolving the "three rural issues," promoting the modernization of small and medium-sized enterprises, narrowing the income gap between regions, rectifying the income gap among different income classes, and perfecting the fiscal policy and social security mechanism, and so on. In order to narrow the income gap between agriculture and non-agriculture, between large enterprises and small and medium-sized enterprises, between regions, to improve the imbalance of economic development, so that the results of economic development will benefit the whole people. Since the implementation of the plan, most of Japan's economic indicators have been overfulfilled, and the standard of living of its people has been greatly improved. It has become the second largest economic power in the western world after the United States, has achieved national prosperity and people's strength, and has improved its income distribution. To become a leader in the developed world. At present, both China and Japan are in the middle stage of industrialization and face many problems in economic and social development, especially in the field of income distribution. The long-term existence of the "dual" economic system of urban-rural division in China has aggravated the income gap between urban and rural areas, and there are still large differences between the central and western regions in terms of natural conditions, national policies, and so on, compared with the eastern regions. The abnormal income of monopoly industry makes the income gap become more and more obvious, and the existence of "grey" income distorts the income distribution structure. The serious imbalance of economic development not only restrains domestic demand and restricts the rapid development of our economy, but also intensifies social contradictions and causes a series of social problems. With the expansion of income gap, the number of poor people will continue to increase, and the social problems caused by poverty will seriously affect the stable development of society. China should draw lessons from Japan's national income doubling plan, especially the reform of income distribution, such as promoting agricultural modernization, increasing support for small and medium-sized enterprises, promoting labor mobility, and improving the social security system, etc. To improve the income distribution gap, from "national rich" to "people rich" transition. However, compared with Japan, the problem of income distribution in our country is more severe and complex. Therefore, the article holds that the reform of income distribution should be combined with the national conditions of our country and find a way to reform the income distribution in accordance with the national conditions of our country. The main measures include: fundamental reform of income distribution in state-owned enterprises and monopolistic industries; improvement of trade union organizations and further establishment of a collective wage consultation system; breaking the dual household registration system and promoting the urbanization process; deepening tax system reform; Adjust the income redistribution mechanism and reform the social insurance system to perfect the social security system.
【学位授予单位】：山东师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：F131.3;F124.7
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