塞西执政以来的埃及经济改革及其成效

发布时间：2018-08-18 19:46

【摘要】：近代以来,埃及出现过三次工业化浪潮,有力地推动了本国的现代化进程。在穆巴拉克执政后期,埃及经济遭遇了地租经济和实体经济双重衰落的危机。2011年中东剧变爆发后,埃及经济发展凋敝,社会矛盾突出。塞西在稳定政局后开始进行经济改革,主要内容包括金融改革、财政改革以及基础设施建设。金融改革措施包括放开汇率与提高利率;财政改革措施包括提高税收、推行销售税改增值税以及削减物价补贴;基础设施建设方面推出了多个大型建设项目。塞西推行改革可利用的资源有限,改革时间还不长,"救火"特点明显,尚未触及埃及经济的结构性问题,即如何使实体经济成为埃及经济的主体。从成效来看,塞西的改革措施阻止了埃及经济的恶化,为进一步改革奠定了基础,但埃及真正走出经济危机尚需时日。
[Abstract]:Since modern times, there have been three waves of industrialization in Egypt, which has pushed forward the modernization process of Egypt. In the later period of Mubarak's administration, Egypt's economy suffered from the double decline of land rent economy and real economy. After the outbreak of the Middle East upheaval in 2011, Egypt's economic development declined and social contradictions became prominent. Sisi began economic reform after stabilizing the political situation, including financial reform, fiscal reform and infrastructure construction. Financial reforms include liberalizing the exchange rate and raising interest rates; fiscal reforms include higher taxes, sales tax reform, value-added tax and price subsidies; and infrastructure projects have launched a number of large construction projects. The resources that Sisi can use to carry out the reform are limited, the reform time is not long, the characteristic of "firefighting" is obvious, and the structural problem of Egypt's economy has not been touched, that is, how to make the real economy become the main body of the Egyptian economy. In terms of effectiveness, Sisi's reforms have prevented Egypt's economy from deteriorating and laid the foundation for further reforms, but it will take time for Egypt to truly emerge from the economic crisis.
【作者单位】：北京第二外国语学院阿拉伯学院;教育部区域与国别研究基地阿拉伯研究中心;
【基金】：教育部国别和区域研究2016-2017年度指向性课题“中阿产能合作研究”的阶段性成果
【分类号】：F141.1

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