“包容性发展”与收入分配：智利案例研究
发布时间：2018-08-19 18:59
【摘要】：“包容性发展”理念体现了经济增长和社会全面发展之间的辩证关系。它是新的发展时代向世界提出的一个新命题，对于拉美国家智利更是有着重要的意义。20世纪70~80年代智利军政府执政时期，经济取得了高速增长，但收入分配状况却严重恶化且难以改善；1990年以来智利文人政府注重改善民生，收入差距开始缩小，但目前基尼系数仍处于0.5以上的高位，收入分配问题依然是导致智利社会排斥的主要因素。因此，在经济增长的同时促进“包容性发展”，改善收入分配，是智利当前和未来发展的必由之路。 本文首先综述了西方经济学理论尤其是现代发展经济学理论中关于收入分配的论述，并归纳出与之相关的三对重要关系：增长与分配、效率与公平、国家与市场。在此基础上，结合拉美国家收入分配理论的发展和历史教训，指出当前智利“包容性发展”的内涵是包容增长与分配，通过改善收入分配促进“社会凝聚”。接着通过回顾20世纪70年代以来智利的发展过程和收入分配的演变分析“包容性发展”战略的重要性并总结出影响智利收入分配的主要因素也即未来改善其的路径。最后分别从初次分配和再分配环节分析近年来智利在上述改善分配的路径中所采取的政策、成效及存在的问题。 通过分析，本文得出如下结论：第一，智利军政府和文人政府对增长与分配、效率与公平、国家与市场关系的不同处理方式是导致四十年来智利收入分配先恶化后改善的主要原因。未来，智利在“包容性发展”战略下，应当继续包容增长与分配，，在初次分配和再分配环节都兼顾效率与公平，国家应扮演正确的角色，积极参与对收入分配各项因素的调节。第二，影响智利收入分配的主要因素即改善其的路径有：宏观经济和经济增长、生产同质性、就业同质性、教育、税收、社会保障。其中生产和就业同质性是关键因素，初次分配是决定性环节。第三，1990年以来智利的收入分配之所以未得到明显改善，是因为在“包容性发展”的一些主要路径上许多过去形成的制度并未得到根本改变，而许多政策又未取得明显成效，还存在问题。
[Abstract]:The concept of inclusive development embodies the dialectical relationship between economic growth and overall social development. It is a new proposition put forward to the world in the new era of development, and it is of great significance to the Latin American country Chile. During the period of the military junta in the 1970s and 1980s, the economy of Chile achieved rapid economic growth. However, the income distribution has deteriorated seriously and is difficult to improve. Since 1990, the Chilean civilian government has focused on improving the people's livelihood, and the income gap has begun to narrow, but the Gini coefficient is still at a high level of more than 0.5. Income distribution continues to be a major factor leading to social exclusion in Chile. Therefore, promoting "inclusive development" and improving income distribution at the same time as economic growth are the only way for Chile's current and future development. This paper first summarizes the theories of western economics, especially modern development economics, about income distribution, and concludes three important relationships: growth and distribution, efficiency and equity, state and market. On this basis, combined with the development and historical lessons of income distribution theory in Latin American countries, the author points out that the connotation of "inclusive development" in Chile is inclusive growth and distribution, and promotes "social cohesion" through improving income distribution. Then, by reviewing the development process and the evolution of income distribution in Chile since 1970s, the importance of "inclusive development" strategy is analyzed, and the main factors that affect Chile's income distribution, that is, the path to improve it in the future, are summarized. Finally, this paper analyzes the policies, results and problems of Chile in the way of improving distribution in recent years from the aspects of initial distribution and redistribution. Through analysis, this paper draws the following conclusions: first, the military government and the civilian government of Chile on growth and distribution, efficiency and equity, Different ways of dealing with state-market relations are the main reasons for Chile's income distribution to deteriorate first and then to improve over the past 40 years. In the future, under the strategy of "inclusive development", Chile should continue to be inclusive of growth and distribution, giving consideration to both efficiency and equity in the initial distribution and redistribution, and the state should play the correct role and actively participate in the adjustment of all factors of income distribution. Second, the main factors affecting Chile's income distribution are: macroeconomic and economic growth, production homogeneity, employment homogeneity, education, taxation, social security. Among them, the homogeneity of production and employment is the key factor, and the primary distribution is the decisive link. Thirdly, the fact that Chile's income distribution has not improved significantly since 1990 is due to the fact that, on some of the main tracks of "inclusive development", many of the systems that have been shaped in the past have not been fundamentally changed and many policies have not yielded tangible results. There are still problems.
【学位授予单位】：中国社会科学院研究生院
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：F178.4
本文编号：2192529
[Abstract]:The concept of inclusive development embodies the dialectical relationship between economic growth and overall social development. It is a new proposition put forward to the world in the new era of development, and it is of great significance to the Latin American country Chile. During the period of the military junta in the 1970s and 1980s, the economy of Chile achieved rapid economic growth. However, the income distribution has deteriorated seriously and is difficult to improve. Since 1990, the Chilean civilian government has focused on improving the people's livelihood, and the income gap has begun to narrow, but the Gini coefficient is still at a high level of more than 0.5. Income distribution continues to be a major factor leading to social exclusion in Chile. Therefore, promoting "inclusive development" and improving income distribution at the same time as economic growth are the only way for Chile's current and future development. This paper first summarizes the theories of western economics, especially modern development economics, about income distribution, and concludes three important relationships: growth and distribution, efficiency and equity, state and market. On this basis, combined with the development and historical lessons of income distribution theory in Latin American countries, the author points out that the connotation of "inclusive development" in Chile is inclusive growth and distribution, and promotes "social cohesion" through improving income distribution. Then, by reviewing the development process and the evolution of income distribution in Chile since 1970s, the importance of "inclusive development" strategy is analyzed, and the main factors that affect Chile's income distribution, that is, the path to improve it in the future, are summarized. Finally, this paper analyzes the policies, results and problems of Chile in the way of improving distribution in recent years from the aspects of initial distribution and redistribution. Through analysis, this paper draws the following conclusions: first, the military government and the civilian government of Chile on growth and distribution, efficiency and equity, Different ways of dealing with state-market relations are the main reasons for Chile's income distribution to deteriorate first and then to improve over the past 40 years. In the future, under the strategy of "inclusive development", Chile should continue to be inclusive of growth and distribution, giving consideration to both efficiency and equity in the initial distribution and redistribution, and the state should play the correct role and actively participate in the adjustment of all factors of income distribution. Second, the main factors affecting Chile's income distribution are: macroeconomic and economic growth, production homogeneity, employment homogeneity, education, taxation, social security. Among them, the homogeneity of production and employment is the key factor, and the primary distribution is the decisive link. Thirdly, the fact that Chile's income distribution has not improved significantly since 1990 is due to the fact that, on some of the main tracks of "inclusive development", many of the systems that have been shaped in the past have not been fundamentally changed and many policies have not yielded tangible results. There are still problems.
【学位授予单位】：中国社会科学院研究生院
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：F178.4
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