高等教育结构与产业结构的关系研究

发布时间：2018-08-20 11:14

【摘要】：基于2015年我国17个省份28所高校的毕业生就业状况数据,从专业结构、层次结构、地区结构、能力结构等方面对我国高等教育结构与产业结构之间的关系进行了实证研究。结果显示:第一,我国经济发展对毕业生行业选择的影响显著。2015年呈现出金融业就业比重上升、制造业比重下降的趋势。第二,存在显著的专业不匹配现象。调查数据显示,超过三成半的毕业生工作与专业不对口。第三,存在过度教育现象。调查数据显示,有21.6%的毕业生存在过度教育情况。第四,我国高校对学生能力的培养与市场需求有错位。在29项个人能力增值评价中得分最低的5项依次是:外语能力、对复杂的社会组织和技术系统的了解、计算机能力、国际视野、创新能力。当今世界正处于经济全球化、移动互联网、知识经济交织的时代,对上述能力的需求很大。
[Abstract]:Based on the employment data of graduates from 28 universities in 17 provinces in 2015, this paper makes an empirical study on the relationship between the structure of higher education and the industrial structure in China from the aspects of specialty structure, hierarchy structure, regional structure, ability structure and so on. The results show that: first, China's economic development has a significant impact on graduates' industry choice. In 2015, the proportion of financial industry employment increased, and the proportion of manufacturing industry decreased. Second, there is a significant professional mismatch phenomenon. Survey data show that more than 35% of graduates work and professional unmatched. Third, there is overeducation. The survey data show that 21.6% of the graduates are overeducated. Fourth, there is a mismatch between the cultivation of students' ability and the market demand in our country's colleges and universities. The five lowest scores in 29 personal competence appreciation evaluations were: foreign language ability, understanding of complex social organization and technical system, computer ability, international perspective, and innovation ability. Nowadays, the world is in the era of economic globalization, mobile Internet and knowledge economy intertwined.
【作者单位】：北京大学教育学院/教育经济研究所;
【基金】：国家自然科学基金“高校毕业生就业分布研究”(71473007)的研究成果
【分类号】：F121.3;G649.2

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