中国与东盟新马泰制造业竞争性与互补性研究分析

发布时间：2018-08-31 13:35

【摘要】：从二十世纪中期开始,区域经济一体化如雨后春笋般在世界范围蔓延开来,其势头遍布发达的欧美国家直至落后的非洲国家。中国——东盟自由贸易区(CAFTA)的创建更是为中国货物对外贸易的蓬勃发展提供了良好机会。2014年中国同东盟的双边货物贸易额达3600多亿美元,其中中国同新加坡、马来西亚及泰国的双边货物贸易额占到了整体的60%,因此本文以中国和这三个国家作为研究对象。同时,中国和新马泰各国都在制造业进出口额上占本国货物贸易进出口额50%以上,是最重要的产业。虽然以往中国制造业依靠资源和劳动力的比较优势,成功在发达国家主导的市场中分配到中下层环节的一杯羹,但是东南亚各国的制造业情况近年已发生大的改变,有必要对相互之间的制造业新的发展进行研究。中国需要在经济转型期下提高制造业的国际竞争力,同时继续扩大同东盟各国双边制造业对外贸易,所以对中国同新马泰制造业的竞争性和互补性进行研究分析是有意义的。本文从分析中国和新马泰各国制造业的结构特征、产业层次、劳动生产率、工资成本入手,初步得出中国制造业的低成本劳动力竞争优势相比东盟发达国家新加坡稍显劣势,高技术劳动竞争力优势同新加坡、马来西亚、泰国相比并不大。本文利用显性比较优势指数及贸易相似度指数来分析中国同新马泰制造业的竞争性。结果表明中国对新马泰各国在整体制造业上的竞争力优势逐年减弱,同时新加坡、马来西亚及泰国均在高精尖机械及设备制造业大类上呈现出与中国差别不大的国际竞争力。尤其是马来西亚、泰国将资本和技术密集型产业作为经济支柱,与中国在国际市场上形成了很强的相互竞争。另外本文通过贸易互补性指数和产业内贸易指数对中国和新马泰制造业的互补性进行了分析。结果表明中国对新加坡的化工制造业呈现极大的逆差和产业间贸易情形,中国同马来西亚在机械及设备制造业上也存在较大逆差,中国同泰国在各个制造业大类上表现为良好的产业内贸易。最后,本文针对研究分析结果,提出了关于制造业产业升级、积极响应国家走出去战略等政策建议。
[Abstract]:Since the middle of the 20th century, regional economic integration has sprung up all over the world. The establishment of the China-ASEAN Free Trade area (CAFTA) has also provided a good opportunity for the vigorous development of China's foreign trade in goods. In 2014, the bilateral trade volume of goods between China and ASEAN amounted to more than 360 billion US dollars. The bilateral trade volume between Malaysia and Thailand accounts for 60% of the total, so this paper takes China and these three countries as the object of study. At the same time, both China and Singapore are the most important industries, accounting for more than 50 percent of their imports and exports. Although in the past, relying on the comparative advantages of resources and labor, China's manufacturing industry succeeded in distributing a share of the lower and middle segments of the market dominated by developed countries, the manufacturing situation in Southeast Asian countries has changed greatly in recent years. It is necessary to study the new development of manufacturing industry. China needs to improve the international competitiveness of manufacturing industry in the period of economic transformation, and at the same time continue to expand its bilateral manufacturing trade with ASEAN countries. Therefore, it is meaningful to study and analyze the competitiveness and complementarity between China and Singapore Malaysia. Based on the analysis of the structural characteristics, industrial levels, labor productivity and wage costs of manufacturing industry in China and Singapore, this paper draws a conclusion that the competitive advantage of low-cost labor force in China's manufacturing industry is slightly inferior to that of Singapore, an ASEAN developed country. The competitive advantage of high-tech labor is not big compared with Singapore, Malaysia and Thailand. This paper uses dominant comparative advantage index and trade similarity index to analyze the competitiveness between China and Xinmaitai manufacturing industry. The results show that China's competitive advantage over Singapore Malaysia and Thailand in the overall manufacturing industry has weakened year by year while Singapore Malaysia and Thailand have shown similar international competitiveness in the broad category of high-precision machinery and equipment manufacturing industry. Malaysia and Thailand, in particular, see capital and technology-intensive industries as the backbone of their economies and compete strongly with China in international markets. In addition, this paper analyzes the complementarities between China and Xinmaitai by trade complementarity index and intra-industry trade index. The results show that China has a huge deficit and inter-industry trade with Singapore's chemical manufacturing industry, and that China and Malaysia also have a large deficit in machinery and equipment manufacturing. China and Thailand have shown good inter-industry trade in a wide range of manufacturing sectors. Finally, based on the results of the research, this paper puts forward some policy suggestions on the upgrading of manufacturing industry and the positive response to the national strategy of going out.
【学位授予单位】：首都经济贸易大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：F424;F125

【相似文献】