黄土高原沟壑区两个尺度的农果复合型生态系统能值分析

发布时间：2018-09-10 20:07

【摘要】：能值理论和研究方法为生态系统和人类生产活动的评价研究开拓了一条定量研究的新途径，在国际学术界引起了强烈的反响并被广泛应用在生态的（森林生态系统；湿地生态系统；农业生态系统等）、工业的和经济的系统分析及生态经济持续性评价等；研究尺度上涉及全球尺度、国家尺度和地区尺度，还涉及到环境政策和管理及区域人品承载力评估等，甚至具体到基因信息中储存的能值等多方面的研究，产生了较好的应用效果。本研究选取了位于黄土高原沟壑区的洛川和淳化两个自然经济环境不同的农业子系统，果业子系统和农果复合系统作为研究对象，并选取两个有代表性的典型村，西坡村和南安善村，通过农户调查和调查所在地农业局、果业局和气象局收集的数据，借鉴参考其他相关研究模式的同时，相应的扩大了该地区能值投入产出结构的深度和广度。分别对比研究了2008年和2011年两个年度黄土高原中南部地区农业生态环境系统的投入产出情况，运行效率和环境负荷等问题，探讨自然状况和经济环境对当地农业，果业和复合系统的影响作用，目的在于协调人与自然和谐发展，为黄土高原中南部农村地区农业资源利用提供一个新的理论视野，同时也为不同地区农户农果复合系统的结构优化和效益提高提供依据。分析结果表明： 1.西坡村和南安善村2011年的风能相对于2008年均有所提高，土壤侵蚀程度更加严重，不利于经济发展，有待于进一步改善，但两村的降雨量有所加大，有利于经济发展。本地的不可更新资源是南安善村农业能值使用量中贡献最大的一部分。南安善村农户农果复合系统的生产过程对本地不可更资源的消耗量少于西坡村的农业生产过程，揭示了西坡村农户农果复合系统更薄弱的自然环境基础。相对于2008年，两村的可更新有机能和不可更新辅助能值都是有所提高，表明两村的经济发展水平和教育程度都有所提高。系统生产的集约化和现代化程度较高，环境资源的贡献相对较小。2011年西坡村和南安善村农果复合系统对环境的依赖程度更高。 2.西坡村和南安善村2008年和2011年系统中不可更新环境能值占较大比例，可更新资源比例较小，水土流失情况严重。农果复合系统以工业辅助能值为主要辅助能投，有机辅助能投比例不高，2011年相对于2008年各项投入并没有改善，因有机能是一种可更新资源，故各农户应加大有机能投入比例，以便利于两村农果复合系统的持续有序发展。 3.两个年度之间2011年淳化地区的降水均要多于2008年，土壤侵蚀程度要高于2008年，自然条件方面更不利于农业经济发展。生产过程对本地不可更资源的消耗量多于2008年，自然环境基础更薄弱。两个区域2011年的经济发展水平要高于2008年，，教育程度也要高于2008年。2008年和2011年各子系统、和农果复合生态系统中购买能值均占较大比例，无偿环境能值比例较小，说明在该地区农户各子系统及农果复合生态系统对环境的依赖程度很小。2011年两个区域的农果复合系统对环境的依赖程度有所下降，系统生产的集约化和现代化程度较低，环境资源的贡献相对较大。 4.两个区域之间淳化地区其降水要多于洛川地区，土壤侵蚀程度要高于洛川地区，自然条件方面更不利于农业经济发展。相对于2008年，洛川地区的可更新资源的各项指标均有所下降，表明自然条件状况有所改善，相对于2008年有利于经济发展。淳化地区农果复合系统自然环境基础更薄弱。2011年洛川地区自然环境基础有所改善，生产过程中消耗量有所降低。淳化地区的经济发展水平要高于洛川地区，教育程度也要高于洛川地区。2011年淳化地区的经济发展有所提高，教育水平也有所提高，而洛川地区则有所下降。
[Abstract]:Emergy theory and research methods have opened up a new way for quantitative research on the evaluation of ecosystems and human production activities. It has aroused strong response in the international academic community and has been widely used in ecological (forest ecosystem; wetland ecosystem; agricultural ecosystem, etc.), industrial and economic systems analysis and ecology. The research scale involves global scale, national scale and regional scale, environmental policy and management, regional human carrying capacity assessment, and even specific to the energy stored in genetic information, and so on.
In this study, Luochuan and Chunhua, two agricultural subsystems with different natural and economic environments in the gully region of the Loess Plateau, including fruit subsystem and fruit complex system, were selected as the research objects. Two typical villages, Xipo and Nananshan, were selected as the research objects. Through the investigation of farmers, the local agricultural bureau, Fruit Bureau and Meteorological Bureau were selected. Based on the collected data, the depth and breadth of the emergy input-output structure in the central and southern Loess Plateau were enlarged with reference to other relevant research models. The effect of natural conditions and economic environment on local agriculture, fruit industry and complex system is aimed at coordinating the harmonious development of human and nature, providing a new theoretical perspective for the utilization of agricultural resources in the middle and southern rural areas of the Loess Plateau, and providing a basis for optimizing the structure and improving the benefits of the Agro-fruit complex system in different areas. The results show that:
1. The wind energy of Xipo Village and Nan'anshan Village in 2011 is higher than that of 2008, the soil erosion is more serious, which is not conducive to economic development and needs to be further improved. However, the precipitation of the two villages has increased, which is conducive to economic development. The production process of the farmer-fruit complex system in Nan'anshan village consumes less local non-renewable resources than the agricultural production process in Xipo village, revealing the weaker natural environment foundation of the farmer-fruit complex system in Xipo village. The intensive and modernized production of the system is relatively high, and the contribution of environmental resources is relatively small.
2. The non-renewable environmental energy accounts for a large proportion in the systems of Xipo Village and Nan'anshan Village in 2008 and 2011. The renewable resources account for a small proportion and the soil erosion is serious. Energy is a renewable resource, so farmers should increase the proportion of organic energy input to facilitate the sustainable and orderly development of the two villages'Agro-fruit complex system.
3. The precipitation in Chunhua area in 2011 was more than that in 2008, the soil erosion degree was higher than that in 2008, and the natural conditions were more unfavorable to agricultural economic development. The education level is also higher than that of the subsystems in 2008.2008 and 2011, and the purchased energy accounts for a large proportion of the total energy in the agro-ecosystem, while the free environmental energy accounts for a small proportion. This indicates that the dependence of the farmer subsystems and the agro-ecosystem on the environment is very small. The degree of dependence has decreased, the intensive and modernized degree of system production is low, and the contribution of environmental resources is relatively large.
4. The precipitation in Chunhua area is more than that in Luochuan area, the soil erosion degree is higher than that in Luochuan area, and the natural conditions are more unfavorable to agricultural economic development. The economic development level of Chunhua is higher than that of Luochuan, and the education level is also higher than that of Luochuan. In 2011, the economic development of Chunhua has been improved and the consumption of education has been reduced. The level also increased, while the Luochuan area decreased.
【学位授予单位】：西北农林科技大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：F124.5;F326

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