公共物品供给不足的原因及对居民消费的影响
发布时间：2018-10-08 14:55
【摘要】：改革开放以来,公共物品供给作为国家建设的重要组成部分,对经济社会发展和居民生活水平的提高有着积极的推动作用。随着市场经济体制逐步的确立,政府公共物品的供给也逐步趋于合理和规范,公共物品的供给在数量和质量上都有了明显的提高。随着公共事业的发展,居民对公共物品的需求逐渐提高,这也对公共物品的供给无疑提出了更多和更高的新要求。近几年,居民消费持续疲软,内需不足严重制约了我国的经济发展,有效拉动内需成为政府的首要任务,而提高公共物品供给水平为促进居民消费提供了新的思路。公共物品在改善居民消费环境、带动消费结构优化升级、促进互补产业发展等方面对居民消费的影响日益凸显。政府公共物品的供给是否满足经济发展和居民生活的需要,是否充分发挥了其对消费的有利作用,政府在公共物品的供给存在怎样的问题。有必要对我国政府公共物品供给实情进行深入分析并找出提高供给水平的有效方法,以实现公共物品有效供给,全面维持国民经济的持续健康稳定的发展,充分发挥其促进居民消费的良好作用。 本文从政府公共物品供给的现实特征出发,用客观数据说明公共物品供给不足并做出原因分析,研究公共物品供给不足对于居民消费增加的阻碍作用。首先阐释了政府公共物品供给对于经济增长和促进居民消费的现实意义,分析了政府公共物品供给的现状特征,通过比较公共支出、公共物品的实际供给量并与世界各国的同类指标进行比较,证实了我国政府公共物品供给的不足,进而提出了影响公共物品供给不足的原因,结合基本国情,本文认为我国公共物品供给不足的主要原因体现在政府行为方面,包括政府效率较低与政府对公共物品的供给偏好上的差异。另外,宏观环境如财政政策和人口密度等也会影响公共物品的供给水平。基于此提出了假设条件并进行实证检验,模型检验采用了三种常用的面板数据处理方法(混合回归、固定效应模型和随机效应模型)得到以下三点主要结论：1、我国政府的支出效率较低,相当一部分公共支出不能转化为公共物品实际供给；2、政府供给公共物品偏向于短期可提升GDP的公共物品,抑制了教育、医疗卫生等非经济型公共物品的供给；3、宏观经济环境对政府公共物品的供给也产生一定影响。 其次本文分析了公共物品供给对居民消费的影响机制,公共物品供给增加可以引致公共物品互补产业消费增加、带动社会消费升级、改善消费环境、增加居民对私人物品的有效需求并改善居民对未来的预期,通过这些作用有效的刺激居民消费需求的增加。通过模型检验了公共物品对居民消费的总体影响和分区域影响,检验结果证明,不同的公共物品实际供给增加均能够在一定程度上刺激居民消费,并且不同地区公共物品供给增加对消费的带动作用大小不同。在我国,公共物品供给对于西部地区居民的消费产生的刺激作用最大,其次是东部地区和中部地区。我国政府公共物品供给不足,制约了居民消费的增加。文章的最后,结合公共物品供给现实特征提出提升和改善公共物品供给水平的对策。
[Abstract]:Since the reform and opening-up, the supply of public goods as an important part of the country's construction has a positive effect on the economic and social development and the improvement of the living standard of the residents. With the gradual establishment of market economy system, the supply of public goods in government has gradually become more reasonable and standardized, and the supply of public goods has improved obviously in quantity and quality. With the development of public services, residents' demand for public goods has increased gradually, which has undoubtedly put forward more and higher demands on the supply of public goods. In recent years, the persistent weakness of the residents' consumption, the shortage of domestic demand severely restricted the economic development of our country, and effectively pulled domestic demand into the primary task of the government, while raising the supply level of public goods provides a new way to promote the residents' consumption. Public goods have become more and more prominent in improving the residents' consumption environment, driving the consumption structure to optimize and upgrading, and promoting the development of complementary industries. Whether the supply of government public goods meets the needs of economic development and residents' life, whether it fully exerts its beneficial effect on consumption, and how the government supplies the public goods. It is necessary to carry out in-depth analysis of the supply of public goods in our country and find an effective way to improve the supply level, so as to realize the effective supply of public goods, maintain the sustained and healthy development of the national economy and give full play to the good effect of promoting the residents' consumption. Based on the real characteristics of public goods supply in government, this paper makes use of objective data to explain the shortage of public goods and makes analysis of causes, and studies the obstacles to the increase of consumption of public goods under the shortage of public goods This paper first expounds the realistic significance of government public goods supply to economic growth and consumer consumption, analyzes the current situation of government public goods supply, compares public expenditure, the actual supply amount of public goods, and carries out the same kind of indexes as the other countries in the world. By comparing and confirming the shortage of public goods supply in our country, this paper puts forward the reasons why the supply of public goods is insufficient, and in combination with the basic national conditions, this paper holds that the main causes of the shortage of public goods in our country are reflected in government behavior. In terms of government efficiency and government's preference for public goods In addition, macro-environment such as fiscal policy and population density will also affect the supply of public goods On the basis of this, we put forward the hypothesis condition and carry on the empirical test. The model test uses three common panel data processing methods (hybrid regression, fixed effect model and random effect model) to get the following three main conclusions: 1. China's government expenditure efficiency a relatively low level of public spending cannot be translated into an actual supply of public goods; the government's supply of public goods to public goods that can boost GDP in the short term has prevented the supply of non-economic public goods, such as education, health and health 3. The macro-economic environment also has a certain effect on the supply of government public goods Secondly, this paper analyzes the influence mechanism of the supply of public goods on the consumption of public goods, the increase of public goods supply can lead to the increase of the consumption of the complementary industries of public goods and promote the upgrading and reform of social consumption. Good consumption environment, increase the effective demand of residents to personal goods and improve the expectation of residents to the future through these actions to stimulate residents' consumption effectively The demand is increased. Through the model, the overall effect of public goods on residents' consumption and the influence of sub-region are checked. The results show that the actual supply of different public goods can be stabbed to some extent. Consumer consumption, and the supply of public goods in different regions increases the belt action on consumption In China, the supply of public goods has the greatest stimulatory effect on the consumption of residents in the western region, followed by the eastern region and the shortage of government public goods in China has restricted the residents. The last part of the article puts forward the promotion and improvement of the supply of public goods in combination with the realistic characteristics of public goods supply.
【学位授予单位】：山东大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：F299.24;F126.1
本文编号：2257186
[Abstract]:Since the reform and opening-up, the supply of public goods as an important part of the country's construction has a positive effect on the economic and social development and the improvement of the living standard of the residents. With the gradual establishment of market economy system, the supply of public goods in government has gradually become more reasonable and standardized, and the supply of public goods has improved obviously in quantity and quality. With the development of public services, residents' demand for public goods has increased gradually, which has undoubtedly put forward more and higher demands on the supply of public goods. In recent years, the persistent weakness of the residents' consumption, the shortage of domestic demand severely restricted the economic development of our country, and effectively pulled domestic demand into the primary task of the government, while raising the supply level of public goods provides a new way to promote the residents' consumption. Public goods have become more and more prominent in improving the residents' consumption environment, driving the consumption structure to optimize and upgrading, and promoting the development of complementary industries. Whether the supply of government public goods meets the needs of economic development and residents' life, whether it fully exerts its beneficial effect on consumption, and how the government supplies the public goods. It is necessary to carry out in-depth analysis of the supply of public goods in our country and find an effective way to improve the supply level, so as to realize the effective supply of public goods, maintain the sustained and healthy development of the national economy and give full play to the good effect of promoting the residents' consumption. Based on the real characteristics of public goods supply in government, this paper makes use of objective data to explain the shortage of public goods and makes analysis of causes, and studies the obstacles to the increase of consumption of public goods under the shortage of public goods This paper first expounds the realistic significance of government public goods supply to economic growth and consumer consumption, analyzes the current situation of government public goods supply, compares public expenditure, the actual supply amount of public goods, and carries out the same kind of indexes as the other countries in the world. By comparing and confirming the shortage of public goods supply in our country, this paper puts forward the reasons why the supply of public goods is insufficient, and in combination with the basic national conditions, this paper holds that the main causes of the shortage of public goods in our country are reflected in government behavior. In terms of government efficiency and government's preference for public goods In addition, macro-environment such as fiscal policy and population density will also affect the supply of public goods On the basis of this, we put forward the hypothesis condition and carry on the empirical test. The model test uses three common panel data processing methods (hybrid regression, fixed effect model and random effect model) to get the following three main conclusions: 1. China's government expenditure efficiency a relatively low level of public spending cannot be translated into an actual supply of public goods; the government's supply of public goods to public goods that can boost GDP in the short term has prevented the supply of non-economic public goods, such as education, health and health 3. The macro-economic environment also has a certain effect on the supply of government public goods Secondly, this paper analyzes the influence mechanism of the supply of public goods on the consumption of public goods, the increase of public goods supply can lead to the increase of the consumption of the complementary industries of public goods and promote the upgrading and reform of social consumption. Good consumption environment, increase the effective demand of residents to personal goods and improve the expectation of residents to the future through these actions to stimulate residents' consumption effectively The demand is increased. Through the model, the overall effect of public goods on residents' consumption and the influence of sub-region are checked. The results show that the actual supply of different public goods can be stabbed to some extent. Consumer consumption, and the supply of public goods in different regions increases the belt action on consumption In China, the supply of public goods has the greatest stimulatory effect on the consumption of residents in the western region, followed by the eastern region and the shortage of government public goods in China has restricted the residents. The last part of the article puts forward the promotion and improvement of the supply of public goods in combination with the realistic characteristics of public goods supply.
【学位授予单位】：山东大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：F299.24;F126.1
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