山西省城镇贫困变动的实证分析

发布时间：2018-10-11 19:59

【摘要】：长期以来，我国的贫困问题基本上被认定为是一种农村现象，政府在制定相关政策时也主要围绕如何消除农村贫困问题而展开，实际上，城镇地区同样潜藏着各种贫困问题，而且城镇贫困问题与城市经济体制转轨、城市产业结构调整，农村劳动力向城镇转移的农民工等问题的解决密切相关。近些年来，城镇贫困问题伴随着城镇经济的快速发展，城市居民人均收入水平的显著提高，城市内部收入差距的过分扩大，呈现出日趋严峻的态势。本文以山西省城镇贫困为研究对象，借鉴专家学者们对贫困问题已有的研究成果，结合我省的实际情况，对我省的城镇贫困问题进行深入的分析。首先在贫困线和调查样本的平均收入给定时的前提下，，运用POVCAL software对整理好的收入分组数据进行计算得到各时期的贫困指数和基尼系数，以此来对山西省的城镇居民贫困状况进行了解。其次，对山西省的城镇贫困进行分解和弹性分析。在对贫困指数的变动进行分解时，没有采用计量经济学中参数估计的方法，而是运用Kakwani提出的贫困分解方法，将其分解到经济增长效应和收入分配不平等效应这两个维度上。得出经济增长对贫困状况变动产生负效应，且这种负效应伴随着经济的蓬勃发展逐渐增强；收入分配对于贫困指数变动的效应先增强后减小，但收入分配不公导致贫困指数增加的作用明显强于经济增长对于贫困的减弱作用。再次，结合专家学者对贫困成因研究的基础上，从生活成本、收入差距、竞争、产业结构、其他不确定因素等方面选取相关统计指标，运用计量经济学的方法，定性结合定量、数据结合理论对影响山西省城镇贫困变动的原因进行全新的诠释，得出收入分配不均等、生活成本较高和产业结构不合理是导致山西省城镇贫困问题凸显的主要原因，并且收入分配公平性对贫困程度的影响尤为显著。最后，针对我省的实际存在的问题，提出转变经济发展方式，增加就业人数，完善分配机制，增加教育补贴，健全社会保障体系等具体措施，有效的缓解城镇现象，更好的促进我省经济的发展，民生问题的解决。
[Abstract]:For a long time, the poverty problem in our country has basically been recognized as a kind of rural phenomenon, and the government has mainly focused on how to eliminate rural poverty when making relevant policies. In fact, there are also various poverty problems lurking in urban areas. Moreover, the problem of urban poverty is closely related to the problems such as the transformation of urban economic system, the adjustment of urban industrial structure, the transfer of rural labor force to urban migrant workers, and so on. In recent years, with the rapid development of urban economy, the level of per capita income of urban residents has improved significantly, and the income gap within the city has expanded too much. This paper takes the urban poverty in Shanxi Province as the research object, draws lessons from the research results of the experts and scholars on the poverty problem, and combines the actual situation of our province, carries on the thorough analysis to the urban poverty problem of our province. First of all, on the premise that the poverty line and the average income of the survey sample are timed, the poverty index and the Gini coefficient of each period are obtained by using POVCAL software to calculate the income grouping data. In order to understand the poverty of urban residents in Shanxi Province. Secondly, the urban poverty in Shanxi Province is decomposed and elastic analysis. In the decomposition of the change of poverty index, the method of parameter estimation in econometrics is not used. Instead, the method of poverty decomposition proposed by Kakwani is used to decompose it to the two dimensions of economic growth effect and income distribution inequality effect. It is concluded that economic growth has a negative effect on the change of poverty, and this negative effect increases gradually with the vigorous development of the economy, and the effect of income distribution on the change of poverty index increases first and then decreases. However, the increase of poverty index caused by unfair income distribution is stronger than the weakening effect of economic growth on poverty. Thirdly, on the basis of the research on the causes of poverty by experts and scholars, we select the relevant statistical indicators from the aspects of cost of living, income gap, competition, industrial structure, other uncertain factors, and use econometric methods, qualitative and quantitative. Combining with the theory of data, this paper makes a new explanation on the causes of the change of urban poverty in Shanxi Province, and concludes that the main causes of the urban poverty in Shanxi Province are the unequal income distribution, the high cost of living and the unreasonable industrial structure. And the impact of income distribution equity on the degree of poverty is particularly significant. Finally, in view of the actual problems in our province, some concrete measures, such as changing the mode of economic development, increasing the number of employed people, perfecting the distribution mechanism, increasing the education subsidy, perfecting the social security system, and so on, are put forward to effectively alleviate the phenomenon of cities and towns. Better to promote the economic development of our province, people's livelihood problems to solve.
【学位授予单位】：山西财经大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：F126

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