初次分配与金融发展对居民收入不平等的影响研究

发布时间：2018-10-13 17:09

【摘要】：改革开放三十多年以来,中国经济实现了跨越式增长,取得了举世瞩目的成就。但伴随经济步入新常态的是收入差距的全方位扩大。收入分配格局的总体失衡已经成为我国全面深化改革所面临过的一大挑战,是我国经济稳定发展和构建和谐社会亟需解决的重大问题。与居民收入差距的扩大趋势几乎并行的是,我国要素收入分配格局近年来在不断向资本倾斜,体现了目前政府、企业、居民三方利益分配失衡。初次分配的平等程度关系到广大劳动者的收入状况与福利水平,对总体不平等具有支配性作用,这为从初次分配视角研究居民收入不平等提供了契机。与此同时,我国金融改革正处在结构调整、金融深化的阶段,伴随资金配置效率的提高,金融发展势必会影响收入分配状况。在此背景下,本文以初次分配和金融发展为切入点,研究两者对居民收入不平等的影响。首先,本文在回顾国内外相关文献的基础上,从要素市场的直接影响和宏观经济运行的间接影响分析了金融发展对居民收入不平等的作用机制,并从要素禀赋角度和微观个体收入来源角度构建了初次分配与个体收入不平等的理论模型。其次,对我国收入分配和金融发展的现状及趋势进行了细致的描绘和分析,并对省际基尼系数和劳动收入份额这两个核心变量进行重新测算。之后,在实证部分主要选取了我国1995-2013年27个地区的省际面板数据,同时引入经济发展水平、对外开放、人力资本、城市化率等控制变量建立固定效应模型,对初次分配和金融发展的交互作用进行探讨。同时,为了深入研究模型的非线性关系及避免人为划分金融水平的偏误,又采用面板门槛回归模型,研究金融发展是否有结构性变化及功能性收入分配对个体收入差距的影响方向及程度。另外,还评估了收入分配领域劳动力市场制度的三个相关政策效果。实证结果显示:第一,提高我国劳动收入份额有助于缓解居民收入不平等,而现阶段金融发展会扩大居民收入差距。第二,初次分配与金融发展的交互作用显著,二者共同对基尼系数产生影响,主要体现在金融发展水平由低到高,劳动收入占比缩小居民收入差距的能力由强转弱。第三,门槛回归结果显示,金融发展对收入不平等的门槛效应显著,并且国民初次分配格局失衡是造成我国居民收入差距扩大的主要原因。第四,三个政策的确发挥了调节收入分配差距的作用,但并未在初次分配领域达到预期效果。最后,本文提出了缩小收入差距的几点政策建议,如发展普惠金融、提高低收入者劳动报酬及农村人力资本投资等。
[Abstract]:Since the reform and opening up more than 30 years ago, China's economy has achieved leapfrog growth and made remarkable achievements. But along with the economy into the new normal is the income gap all-directional expansion. The overall imbalance of income distribution pattern has become a great challenge to deepen the reform in an all-round way in our country. It is also an important problem that needs to be solved for the stable development of our economy and the construction of a harmonious society. In parallel with the widening trend of resident income gap, the distribution pattern of factor income in our country has been inclined to capital in recent years, which reflects the imbalance of interest distribution among government, enterprise and resident at present. The degree of equality in initial distribution is related to the income status and welfare level of the broad masses of workers and has a dominant effect on the overall inequality, which provides an opportunity to study the income inequality of residents from the perspective of initial distribution. At the same time, China's financial reform is in the stage of structural adjustment and financial deepening. With the improvement of the efficiency of the allocation of funds, the financial development is bound to affect the income distribution. In this context, this paper studies the impact of primary distribution and financial development on income inequality. First of all, based on the review of relevant literature at home and abroad, this paper analyzes the mechanism of financial development on income inequality from the direct impact of factor market and the indirect impact of macroeconomic operation. The theoretical model of primary distribution and individual income inequality is constructed from the angle of factor endowment and micro income source. Secondly, the current situation and trend of income distribution and financial development in China are described and analyzed in detail, and the two core variables of inter-provincial Gini coefficient and labor income share are recalculated. Then, in the empirical part, we select the inter-provincial panel data of 27 regions from 1995 to 2013, at the same time introduce the economic development level, opening to the outside world, human capital, urbanization rate and other control variables to establish a fixed effect model. The interaction between initial distribution and financial development is discussed. At the same time, in order to deeply study the nonlinear relationship of the model and avoid the bias of artificially dividing the financial level, the panel threshold regression model is adopted. This paper studies whether there are structural changes in financial development and the impact of functional income distribution on individual income gap. In addition, three related policy effects of labor market system in income distribution field are evaluated. The empirical results show that: first, increasing the share of labor income helps to alleviate the income inequality, while the current financial development will widen the income gap. Second, the interaction between initial distribution and financial development is significant, both of them have an impact on Gini coefficient, mainly reflected in the financial development level from low to high, labor income ratio to reduce the ability of income gap from strong to weak. Third, the threshold regression results show that the threshold effect of financial development on income inequality is significant, and the imbalance of national initial distribution pattern is the main reason for the widening of income gap in China. Fourth, the three policies did play the role of adjusting income distribution gap, but did not achieve the desired results in the initial distribution area. Finally, this paper puts forward some policy suggestions for narrowing the income gap, such as developing inclusive finance, improving the labor remuneration of low-income people and investing in rural human capital.
【学位授予单位】：浙江工商大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：F124.7

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