国家人地关系的国际比较研究

发布时间：2018-11-24 18:20

【摘要】：作为地球表层的一个物种,人类生存与发展始终以最大限度的资源与环境占有和获取为第一需求,即使进入现代时期,情况依然如此。实际上,随着社会财富和人口的快速增长,人地关系的稳定与协调始终是各国、特别是人口大国(1亿人口)持续发展的首要任务和基本目标。自然禀赋(淡水、耕地、草场、森林、能源和矿产)与人文活动(人口、GDP和碳排放)的要素综合分析表明,尽管11个对象国的资源环境秉赋(本底)特征差异明显,但是在资源环境开发的极化效应作用下,各国现代化进程的国家人地关系均呈现出不同程度的紧张状态。一方面,随着资源环境开发规模和深度的不断扩大,国家财富积累与人口数量快速增长;另一方面,环境恶化和资源枯竭对各国乃至全球有限的资源基础支撑能力造成日益严峻的挑战。此方面,日本的国家人地关系演进最具说服力。
[Abstract]:As a species on the surface of the earth, human survival and development always take maximum resources and environment possession and access as the first need, even in the modern period, the situation is still the same. In fact, with the rapid growth of social wealth and population, the stability and coordination of human-land relations has always been the primary task and basic goal of the sustained development of all countries, especially the large population countries (100 million people). A combined analysis of elements of natural endowments (fresh water, arable land, pasture, forests, energy and minerals) and human activities (population, GDP and carbon emissions) shows that, although there are significant differences in the characteristics of resource and environmental endowment (background) in the 11 target countries, However, due to the polarization effect of resource and environment development, the relationship between man and land in the process of modernization of various countries shows different degrees of tension. On the one hand, with the expansion of the scale and depth of the exploitation of resources and environment, the national wealth accumulation and population increase rapidly. On the other hand, environmental degradation and resource depletion pose an increasingly serious challenge to the limited resource base support capacity of countries and even the world. In this respect, the evolution of Japan's relations between man and land is the most persuasive.
【作者单位】：中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所中国科学院区域可持续发展分析与模拟重点实验室;北京市社会科学院;
【基金】：国家自然科学基金重点项目(41430636);国家自然科学基金面上项目(41371486)~~
【分类号】：F127

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