我国城乡居民收入差距的金融治理机制研究

发布时间：2018-12-08 16:14

【摘要】：随着经济的发展，我国城乡居民收入差距越来越大。城乡居民收入差距问题严重制约着我国国民经济平衡发展，使我国经济在高速发展的同时也愈发变得畸形，造成富人日渐富有，穷人日渐贫困的现象。数据显示，我国基尼系数早在2003年就已经达到了0.479，超过了警戒线，2008年更是达到了可怕的0.490。从经济学的理论上来说，这一问题会随着经济的增长，，金融体制的逐渐成熟慢慢走向平衡，但是，如果不采取措施，仅仅靠其自身发展走向平衡需要的过程是漫长的，这将会使得社会矛盾不断加剧，破坏社会的和谐稳定。鉴于此，已经有很多经济学家们通过不同的研究视角分析过此问题，并提出了相应的对策。本文基于金融治理机制的视角，对城乡居民收入差距展开分析。一、我国城乡居民收入差距描述我国城乡收入差距是一个长久以来一直存在的问题。缩小城乡收入差距的根本是缩小收入上的差距，劳动收入的差距使农村居民的收入远小于城市居民，转移性收入差距使农村居民的收入进一步与城市居民拉大，因此，缩小这两项差距，会有效缩小城乡居民之间的收入差距。另外，提高农村居民的经营收入也是一个行之有效的方法。二、我国城乡居民收入差距的成因——基于金融视角的分析我国的特殊国情决定了金融体系在城乡之间有很大不同，主要表现在以下几个方面：城乡的金融规模不同，城乡的金融竞争力不同，城乡的金融机构发展程度不同，城乡的金融机构分布不同，城乡金融创新程度不同，以及城乡保险市场和资本市场利用能力不同。三、国外城乡居民收入差距的金融治理及启示发达国家和发展中国家针对本国国情均采取了一系列金融治理措施。通过对他们金融治理机制的分析，可以得到很多值得我国借鉴和学习的地方。首先，应建立起符合我国国情尤其是符合农村地区需要的具有农村特色的金融服务体系；其次，颁布一系列相关法律法规来保障农村的金融发展；第三，政府持续扶持农村金融机构；第四，在农村地区建立农村发展银行为农民提供优惠信贷；最后，完善我国农业相关保险制度。四、缩小我国城乡居民收入差距的对策——基于金融运行机制的安排我国可以通过金融治理的方式缩小我国城镇与农村居民收入差距。首先，改进我国现有的财政政策；其次，完善我国现有的农村的信贷支持政策；再次，促进农村非正规金融机构有秩序发展；最后，完善农村金融体系。
[Abstract]:With the development of economy, the income gap between urban and rural residents is increasing. The problem of income gap between urban and rural residents seriously restricts the balanced development of our national economy, which makes the economy of our country become more and more abnormal while developing at a high speed, resulting in the phenomenon that the rich are getting richer and the poor are getting poorer. The data show that China's Gini coefficient reached 0. 479 as early as 2003, surpassing the warning line, and reaching a terrible 0. 490 in 2008. From the economic theory, this problem will gradually balance with the growth of economy and the gradual maturity of the financial system. However, if we do not take measures, it will take a long time for us to move towards balance only by our own development. This will make the social contradictions continue to intensify, undermining social harmony and stability. In view of this, many economists have analyzed the problem from different perspectives and put forward corresponding countermeasures. Based on the perspective of financial governance mechanism, this paper analyzes the income gap between urban and rural residents. First, the income gap between urban and rural residents in China describes the urban-rural income gap is a problem that has existed for a long time. The essence of narrowing the income gap between urban and rural areas is to narrow the income gap. The income gap between labor and labor causes the income of rural residents to be much smaller than that of urban residents, and the transfer income gap makes the income of rural residents further larger than that of urban residents. Narrowing these two differences will effectively narrow the income gap between urban and rural residents. In addition, raising the operating income of rural residents is also an effective method. Second, the causes of the income gap between urban and rural residents in China-based on the analysis of the special situation of China's financial perspective, the financial system is very different between urban and rural areas, mainly in the following aspects: different financial scale in urban and rural areas, The financial competitiveness of urban and rural areas is different, the development degree of financial institutions in urban and rural areas is different, the distribution of financial institutions in urban and rural areas is different, the degree of financial innovation in urban and rural areas is different, and the utilization capacity of insurance market and capital market is different. Third, the financial governance of income gap between urban and rural residents in foreign countries and its enlightenment developed and developing countries have taken a series of financial governance measures in view of their own national conditions. Through the analysis of their financial governance mechanism, we can get a lot of reference and learning places in our country. First of all, we should establish a financial service system with rural characteristics in line with our national conditions, especially in accordance with the needs of rural areas; secondly, we should promulgate a series of relevant laws and regulations to ensure the development of rural finance. Third, the government continues to support rural financial institutions; fourth, the establishment of rural development bank in rural areas to provide farmers with preferential credit; finally, improve our agricultural insurance system. Fourth, the countermeasures to narrow the income gap between urban and rural residents in China: based on the arrangement of financial operation mechanism, we can narrow the income gap between urban and rural residents by means of financial governance. First, improve the existing fiscal policy; secondly, improve the existing rural credit support policy; third, promote the orderly development of rural informal financial institutions; finally, improve the rural financial system.
【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：F124.7;F832

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