中国的机会不均等程度与作用机制——基于CGSS数据的实证分析
发布时间：2018-12-22 08:48
【摘要】：本文运用最新的中国综合社会调查(CGSS)数据对中国机会不均等程度进行了定量分析,发现由机会不均等导致的收入差距占总的收入差距27%以上。这一比例与世界上不平等程度最高的拉美地区类似。对于低学历的人群来说,机会不均等程度更高。在定量测量中国机会不均等程度的基础上,本文运用实证分析的方法验证了三个假设:劳动力市场歧视、教育代际固化以及家庭背景的影响。实证结果发现,这三种渠道都是中国机会不均等的重要因素。鉴于此,文章提出了相应的政策建议,包括通过立法消除劳动力市场歧视、促进公共教育资源的均等化、通过反腐败等手段规范高收入部门的用人机制以及通过税收和转移支付的方式消除外在环境差异带来的收入差距等。
[Abstract]:This paper makes a quantitative analysis of the degree of inequality of opportunity in China by using the latest (CGSS) data of China Comprehensive Social Survey. It is found that the income gap caused by unequal opportunities accounts for more than 27% of the total income gap. This is similar to Latin America, the region with the highest levels of inequality in the world. For people with low academic qualifications, the degree of inequality of opportunities is higher. On the basis of quantitative measurement of the degree of unequal opportunities in China, this paper uses empirical analysis to verify three hypotheses: discrimination in the labor market, intergenerational education and the influence of family background. Empirical results show that these three channels are important factors of unequal opportunities in China. In view of this, the article puts forward corresponding policy recommendations, including the adoption of legislation to eliminate discrimination in the labour market and to promote equalization of public education resources. Through anti-corruption and other means to regulate the employment mechanism in high-income sectors and to eliminate the income gap caused by external environmental differences through taxation and transfer payment.
【作者单位】： 中国人民大学经济学院;
【基金】：国家自然科学基金项目“中国收入差距分析的新视角:机会不均等与收入不平等”(71403281) 教育部2011中国特色社会主义经济建设协同创新中心项目“认识、适应和引领经济新常态研究” 教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地中国人民大学中国经济改革与发展研究院项目“中国的社会救助体系研究”(14JJD790033)
【分类号】：F124.7
，
本文编号：2389589
[Abstract]:This paper makes a quantitative analysis of the degree of inequality of opportunity in China by using the latest (CGSS) data of China Comprehensive Social Survey. It is found that the income gap caused by unequal opportunities accounts for more than 27% of the total income gap. This is similar to Latin America, the region with the highest levels of inequality in the world. For people with low academic qualifications, the degree of inequality of opportunities is higher. On the basis of quantitative measurement of the degree of unequal opportunities in China, this paper uses empirical analysis to verify three hypotheses: discrimination in the labor market, intergenerational education and the influence of family background. Empirical results show that these three channels are important factors of unequal opportunities in China. In view of this, the article puts forward corresponding policy recommendations, including the adoption of legislation to eliminate discrimination in the labour market and to promote equalization of public education resources. Through anti-corruption and other means to regulate the employment mechanism in high-income sectors and to eliminate the income gap caused by external environmental differences through taxation and transfer payment.
【作者单位】： 中国人民大学经济学院;
【基金】：国家自然科学基金项目“中国收入差距分析的新视角:机会不均等与收入不平等”(71403281) 教育部2011中国特色社会主义经济建设协同创新中心项目“认识、适应和引领经济新常态研究” 教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地中国人民大学中国经济改革与发展研究院项目“中国的社会救助体系研究”(14JJD790033)
【分类号】：F124.7
，
本文编号：2389589
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