中国境外经贸合作区发展历程与战略初探
发布时间：2019-01-01 07:46
【摘要】：随着全球经济一体化进程的进一步加快,如何使得国家经济安全发展、可持续发展这一问题逐步被提上议程。我国多年来的贸易顺差,使得其他国家对我国经济发展势头心存疑虑,导致最近几年贸易摩擦频发。国内方面,劳动力成本上涨、国内经济资本相对剩余的态势迫使我国需要寻找新的经济增长点。在国际政治环境相对平稳、我国综合影响力日益扩大的局势之下,国家提出了发展境外经贸合作区的议程。中国对外投资的历史可以追溯到上世纪70年代末80年代初,当时的投资方式多为在国家指导下,国企为方便业务在国外建立代表处和分支机构。相较于发达国家长达数百年的对外投资历史而言,中国的对外投资史是很短暂的。但纵向参照我国经济水平来看,我国对外投资的发展可谓突飞猛进。上世纪90年代随着我国改革开放的深化,我国在国际市场上的参与度大幅提高,对外投资的形式也趋于多样化。境外经贸合作区的雏形就始于这一时期。而我国对外投资的黄金时代始于21世纪初,随着2004年《国务院关于投资体制改革的决定》的颁布,我国的投资体系与国际经济社会的契合程度越来越高。随后出台的一系列法律法规更是为我国的国际投资提供了规范的路径,使我国国际投资在发展迅速的同时,其结构也愈加完善。境外经贸区这一投资理念也逐渐进入了我国整体对外投资战略规划的视线。我国建立境外经贸合作区的实践始于2006年。作为一项前所未有的创举,这一形式迅速在世界各地得到了推行。政府的统筹指导与企业的自主经营相结合,既满足了企业减免税收、创造更多利益和开拓国际市场的需求,也成为了我国”走出去”战略的一个重要组成部分。境外经贸合作区由于其特殊的性质,不仅仅需要企业本身的努力,更需要我国在对国际关系大环境的分析中来获得更多资讯。从国际关系这个学科大框架下来看,我国境外经贸合作区的建设为主权国家和国际市场这两个本质上相互矛盾的概念提供了一种新的共赢方式。它不仅仅是对国际政治经济学主流理论的一种实践,更是对霸权稳定论等不够全面客观的理论作出了反驳。研究我国境外经贸合作区的运营现状和战略方针对于如何更好地实现开拓进取的经济目标和履行我国睦邻友好和平共处外交政策有着非常重要的现实意义。建立境外经贸合作区可以充分利用我国的巨额外汇储备,通过投资来帮助东道国塑造更加开放的经济体,促进东道国经济自由化、经济国际化,对其经济增长具有良好的效应。同时以境外经济贸易合作区为载体的资金引入方式会给东道国带来先进的生产技术和管理水平,对提高东道国的整体产业发展水平具有非常大的帮扶作用。最直接的效应就为东道国解决了部分就业问题,又增加了其财政收入。我国境外经贸区在全球的布局主要还是在周边国家和亚非拉发展中国家,虽然为一些高能耗高成本的传统产业重新注入了活力,但并未从根本上解决这些行业的困境。目前我国只有极少数境外经贸区位于发达国家,在这些发达国家布局经贸区的困难更大,成本更高,然而可以从中学习到的先进科学技术和管理经验也更有价值,为我国的经济创新寻找到更多的突破点。我国境外经贸合作区虽然整体发展势头良好,但仍存在许多亟待解决的问题。近年来,国际舆论也对境外经贸合作区的建设唱起了反调,质疑其发展成效,以西方战略意图来恶意推断我国发展境外经贸区的目的,认为我国是为了在政治上加强对东道国的控制。这些问题产生的原因既有宏观经济的影响、政策机制的不足,也有企业本身内部运营方式的缺陷。进一步促进这一新型对外投资方式的健康成长既需要自上而下的政府指导,也需要自下而上的企业自身的努力,更需要我国在国际社会上塑造更好的国家形象。只有多方面相配合,创造良好的政治和经济环境才能使境外经贸区获得更长远的利益,为我国对外的投资创造更多的价值,从而促进整体经济实力的发展。
[Abstract]:With the further acceleration of the global economic integration process, the issue of how to make the national economic security development, sustainable development is gradually put on the agenda. China's trade surplus for many years has made other countries have doubts about the economic development of our country, resulting in frequent trade friction in recent years. On the domestic side, the labor cost is rising, and the relative surplus of domestic economic capital has forced our country to find a new economic growth point. Under the situation of the relatively stable international political environment and the increasing comprehensive influence of our country, the state has put forward the agenda for the development of the region of economic and trade cooperation. The history of foreign investment in China can be traced back to the beginning of the late 1970s and at the beginning of the 1980s, when the mode of investment was mostly under the guidance of the State, state-owned enterprises set up representative offices and branches abroad for the convenience of the business. China's foreign investment history is very brief for the long-term investment history of the developed countries for hundreds of years. But in the light of the economic level of our country, the development of foreign investment in our country is very rapid. With the deepening of the reform and opening-up of our country in the 1990s, the participation of our country in the international market is greatly improved, and the form of foreign investment also tends to be diversified. The embryonic form of the regional economic and trade cooperation zone began in this period. The golden age of foreign investment in our country began in the beginning of the 21st century, and with the promulgation of the Decision of the State Council on the Reform of the Investment System in 2004, the degree of engagement between our country's investment system and the international economic and social economy is getting higher and higher. The following series of laws and regulations provide a standard path for the international investment of our country, so that the international investment of our country is developing rapidly and its structure is becoming more and more perfect. The concept of the investment in the economic and trade region of the region has also gradually entered the line of sight of the overall strategic planning of foreign investment in China. The practice of the establishment of the economic and trade cooperation area in China began in 2006. As an unprecedented initiative, this form has been implemented rapidly around the world. The integrated guidance of the government and the independent operation of the enterprise both meet the demand of the enterprise to reduce the tax, create more benefits and develop the international market, and also become an important part of our 鈥滸et out of here.鈥，
本文编号：2397221
[Abstract]:With the further acceleration of the global economic integration process, the issue of how to make the national economic security development, sustainable development is gradually put on the agenda. China's trade surplus for many years has made other countries have doubts about the economic development of our country, resulting in frequent trade friction in recent years. On the domestic side, the labor cost is rising, and the relative surplus of domestic economic capital has forced our country to find a new economic growth point. Under the situation of the relatively stable international political environment and the increasing comprehensive influence of our country, the state has put forward the agenda for the development of the region of economic and trade cooperation. The history of foreign investment in China can be traced back to the beginning of the late 1970s and at the beginning of the 1980s, when the mode of investment was mostly under the guidance of the State, state-owned enterprises set up representative offices and branches abroad for the convenience of the business. China's foreign investment history is very brief for the long-term investment history of the developed countries for hundreds of years. But in the light of the economic level of our country, the development of foreign investment in our country is very rapid. With the deepening of the reform and opening-up of our country in the 1990s, the participation of our country in the international market is greatly improved, and the form of foreign investment also tends to be diversified. The embryonic form of the regional economic and trade cooperation zone began in this period. The golden age of foreign investment in our country began in the beginning of the 21st century, and with the promulgation of the Decision of the State Council on the Reform of the Investment System in 2004, the degree of engagement between our country's investment system and the international economic and social economy is getting higher and higher. The following series of laws and regulations provide a standard path for the international investment of our country, so that the international investment of our country is developing rapidly and its structure is becoming more and more perfect. The concept of the investment in the economic and trade region of the region has also gradually entered the line of sight of the overall strategic planning of foreign investment in China. The practice of the establishment of the economic and trade cooperation area in China began in 2006. As an unprecedented initiative, this form has been implemented rapidly around the world. The integrated guidance of the government and the independent operation of the enterprise both meet the demand of the enterprise to reduce the tax, create more benefits and develop the international market, and also become an important part of our 鈥滸et out of here.鈥，
本文编号：2397221
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