江苏劳动密集型产业竞争力动态评价和发展对策研究

发布时间：2019-02-11 12:09

【摘要】：劳动密集型产业是产业经济发展的重要部门，它不仅在国民经济中起着举足轻重的重要作用，还担负着推进我国剩余劳动力转移、出口创汇、城镇化、农民增收等进程的重担，大力发展劳动密集型产业是目前我国经济不可逾越的阶段。虽然近年来，江苏劳动密集型产业受到多重因素影响，发展受到冲击，但总体上其不可替代性和阶段性等特点使该产业在江苏经济中依然占据重要地位。基于此，评价该产业发展状况并针对存在的问题提出相关对策建议就显得很有必要。第一，本文对劳动密集型产业的概念进行了界定，在借鉴相关研究的基础上，选择人均固定资产原价、比较劳动生产率、人均工资等指标，利用聚类分析法对江苏省劳动密集型产业进行了划分。结果表明，在江苏制造业中有16个行业属于劳动密集型产业，占了制造业所含行业总数的一半以上。第二，梳理了江苏劳动密集型产业发展现状、所处地位及其发展中存在的问题。结果表明，劳动密集型产业在江苏制造业中占有重要地位，其产值占制造业总产值的比重超过了50%。同时，该产业也存在发展方式粗放、融资困难、劳动力供给不平衡等问题。第三，基于钻石模型，提炼出了影响江苏劳动密集型产业竞争力的6个因素：生产要素、从需求条件、相关与支持性产业、企业战略、结构与竞争、政府作用和机遇。在对这些因素进行详细分析的基础上，对其进行了量化表征。利用层次分析法对江苏劳动密集型产业年度和行业的动态竞争力进行了评价。通过年度对比分析竞争力结果表明，江苏劳动密集型产业竞争力一直呈现平稳增长趋势，其中，2012年增长速度快于其他五年。在影响江苏劳动密集型产业竞争力的六个因素中，贡献最大的是生产要素和需求条件，其竞争力在五年来上升了将近1个百分点，，增长速度都要快于其他四个要素；通过行业对比分析竞争力结果说明，劳动密集型产业16个行业发展并不一致，竞争力差距较为明显，其中纺织业和电气机械及器材制造业在16个行业中最具有竞争力，超过10%,竞争力水平最低的是家具制造业，仅占4.08%。最后，提出了提高江苏省劳动密集型产业竞争力的对策。主要包括四个方面:一是发挥政府职能，促进劳动密集型产业发展；二是加大优势产业的发展，优化产业内部结构；三是拓宽融资渠道，加强银企合作；四是扩大外贸出口，营造良好的国际竞争环境。
[Abstract]:The labor-intensive industry is an important sector of industrial economic development. It not only plays an important role in the national economy, but also bears the heavy burden of promoting the transfer of surplus labor force, export earning, urbanization, increasing farmers' income and so on. Vigorously developing labor-intensive industries is an insurmountable stage of our economy at present. In recent years, the labor-intensive industry in Jiangsu is affected by many factors and its development is affected by many factors, but on the whole, its irreplaceable and phased characteristics make the industry still occupy an important position in Jiangsu economy. Based on this, it is necessary to evaluate the development of the industry and put forward the relevant countermeasures and suggestions for the existing problems. First, this paper defines the concept of labor-intensive industry, on the basis of relevant research, choose the per capita fixed assets original price, comparative labor productivity, per capita wage and other indicators. Cluster analysis was used to classify labor-intensive industries in Jiangsu Province. The results show that 16 industries in Jiangsu are labor-intensive, accounting for more than half of the total number of manufacturing industries. Second, combing the development of labor-intensive industries in Jiangsu, the status and problems in the development. The results show that the labor-intensive industry plays an important role in Jiangsu's manufacturing industry, and its output value accounts for more than 50 percent of the manufacturing output value. At the same time, the industry also has extensive development mode, financing difficulties, labor supply imbalance and so on. Thirdly, based on the diamond model, six factors influencing the competitiveness of labor intensive industries in Jiangsu are extracted: factors of production, demand conditions, related and supportive industries, enterprise strategy, structure and competition, role and opportunity of government. Based on the detailed analysis of these factors, the quantitative characterization of these factors is carried out. The dynamic competitiveness of labor intensive industries in Jiangsu province is evaluated by AHP. The results of annual comparative analysis show that the competitiveness of labor-intensive industries in Jiangsu has been showing a steady growth trend, among which, the growth rate in 2012 is faster than that in the other five years. Among the six factors affecting the competitiveness of labor-intensive industries in Jiangsu, the factors of production and demand contribute most, and the competitiveness of Jiangsu has increased by nearly 1 percentage point in the past five years, and the growth rate is faster than that of the other four elements. The results of industry comparative analysis show that 16 industries of labor-intensive industry are not consistent in development, and the gap of competitiveness is obvious. Among them, textile industry and electrical machinery and equipment manufacturing industry are the most competitive in 16 industries. More than 10, the lowest level of competitiveness is the furniture manufacturing industry, only 4.08. Finally, the paper puts forward countermeasures to improve the competitiveness of labor-intensive industries in Jiangsu Province. It mainly includes four aspects: first, to give full play to government functions and promote the development of labor-intensive industries; second, to increase the development of superior industries and optimize the internal structure of industries; third, to broaden financing channels and strengthen cooperation between banks and enterprises; Fourth, expand foreign trade exports and create a favorable international competitive environment.
【学位授予单位】：青海师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：F127

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