大学生主动性人格对创业机会识别的影响研究

发布时间：2018-02-09 17:10

本文关键词： 大学生主动性人格社会网络创业机会识别　出处：《云南财经大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：近年来,我国经济增速放缓,国人应将注意力转移到产业转型升级上,此时也正是踏踏实实创业的大好时机,刺激就业及创业,是应对经济增长放缓的重要手段。创业能有效地促进经济的增长、缓解就业压力,创业已然成为了这个时代的重要关注点。2014年李克强总理表示,要在全国掀起“大众创业”和“草根创业”的新浪潮,形成“万众创新”和“人人创新”的新形态。在国家创新创业战略背景下,在互联网时代背景下,我们需要开展大量的知识密集型创业活动,来提升经济活力。2014年中国大学生毕业人数由2004年的280万增长到727万,增长率为160%,“大学生就业难”就此成为媒体和各界人士关注的热点。来自2016年中国大学生就业压力调查报告显示,大学生毕业人数中,仅有5.54%的毕业生选择了自主创业,与西方国家相比,我们还有着巨大的差距。而在当前的社会背景下、就业形势下大学生作为知识密集型创业活动的主要参与者,其创业活动备受关注。在大学生创业活动中,能否识别创业机会,直接决定了创业的方向,创业战略的实施,对创业结果至关重要。在已有的创业机会识别的相关文献中,学者们从结果变量和前因变量的视角出发进行探讨,结果变量包括创业意向、企业绩效等;前因变量有先验知识、社会资本、创业警觉性以及创业者特质等。在对前因变量的研究中,对警觉性和先验知识等研究相对丰富,但是从创业者特质角度进行实证研究的文献是十分匮乏的。因此,本文以已有的文献为基础,进行文献的梳理,并且结合当前背景选择大学生为研究对象,借助BatamanCrant(1993)提出的主动性人格概念,Barnes(1954)提出的社会网络为中介变量,通过理论推导、问卷调查以及实证研究,探讨了大学生主动性人格通过社会网络进而作用于创业机会识别的路径和机制。本文围绕着“主动性人格影响创业机会识别”这一基本问题,对大学生主动性人格的概念、相关研究以及维度和测量进行了回顾。对社会网络的概念以及维度的划分进行了梳理,确定本文中中介变量社会网络的四个维度:网络强度、规模、异质性、中心性。按照创业机会识别前因变量到个体因素再到创业者人格特质的路径进行文献梳理,对创业机会和创业机会识别的概念进行了回顾和定义,确定了创业机会识别的测量。基于文献综述在第三章提出了本文的理论的模型,同时对三者的关系进行了回顾以此提出了本文的研究假设。本文变量的测量采用国内外成熟的量表,通过问卷调查的方法进行数据收集,在剔除明显废卷和无效问卷后累计获得220份合格问卷,利用SPSS19.1和Excel对问卷的可靠性和效度进行了检验,检验结果均达到标准,同时通过因子分析、多元回归等实证研究方法对问卷的有效性以及研究假设进行了验证。主要研究结论如下:(1)大学生主动性人格对创业机会识别有正向影响作用(2)社会网络以及各维度对创业机会识别有正向影响作用(3)社会网络以及各维度在主动性人格与创业机会识别的关系中起部分中介作用本文的研究结论,进一步丰富了创业机会识别的相关研究,特别是通过实证研究的方法,证实了主动性人格对创业机会识别的影响,对创业机会识别的前因变量研究,从人格特质的角度进行了探讨,并从信息来源和获取的角度,将社会网络作为研究的中介变量,使我们能够更加清晰地认识到什么样的个体更加容易识别创业机会,有助于启发有创业想法的大学生个体,合理构建、维护属于自己的社会网络,利用社会网络获取高质量的信息,增加识别创业机会的概率,识别更多创业机会。同时,对现阶段的创业教育活动提供启示,对于现有大学生的创业教育,不仅是创业教育的基础理论知识,还应包括社会交际相关培训,帮助大学生构建自己的社会网络;同时,对于青少年的教育,应该帮助引导他们主动性人格的形成和发展。在文章的最后,汇总了相关结论,总结了研究的理论和实践价值,同时指出本文存在的局限性以及对未来的展望。
[Abstract]:In recent years, China's economic slowdown, Chinese people should turn their attention to industrial transformation and upgrading, this also is a good time to do business, to stimulate employment and entrepreneurship, is an important means to cope with the slowdown in economic growth. Entrepreneurship can effectively promote economic growth, alleviate the pressure of employment, entrepreneurship has become an important concern.2014 this time Prime Minister Li Keqiang said, the new wave in the country a "public business" and "entrepreneur", a new form of "all innovation" and "everyone innovation". In the background of national innovation strategy, in the context of the Internet era, we need to carry out knowledge intensive business activities of a large number of and to enhance the economic vitality of.2014 Chinese the number of university graduates increased from 2 million 800 thousand in 2004 to 7 million 270 thousand, a growth rate of 160%, "the difficult employment of college students" have become the media and from all walks of life Hot spots of concern. A report from 2016 Chinese employment pressure showed that the number of university graduates, only 5.54% of the graduates choose to start their own businesses, compared with western countries, we still have a big gap. In the current social background, the employment situation of college students as the main participants of knowledge intensive business activities. The business activities of concern. In the entrepreneurial activities, can identify business opportunities, directly determines the direction of entrepreneurship, entrepreneurial strategy implementation, is essential to the entrepreneurial results. In the existing business opportunity recognition in the relevant literature, scholars are discussed from the results of the antecedent variables variables and outcome variables including entrepreneurial perspective. The intention of enterprise performance; antecedents of prior knowledge, social capital, entrepreneurial alertness and entrepreneurial traits. In the study of antecedent variables in, Study on alertness and prior knowledge are relatively abundant, but the empirical research from the perspective of entrepreneurs traits literature is very scarce. Therefore, this paper is based on the existing literature, literature review, and combined with the background of the current college students as the research object, with the help of BatamanCrant (1993) put forward the concept of proactive personality, Barnes (1954) the social network as the intermediary variable, through theoretical analysis, questionnaire survey and empirical research, discusses the path and mechanism of College Students' initiative personality through the social network's influence on entrepreneurial opportunity recognition. This paper focuses on the "proactive personality affect the basic problem of entrepreneurial opportunity recognition", the concept of proactive personality of college students the related research and the dimensions and measurement were reviewed. The concept of social network and the dimension division carried out and determined in this paper intermediary The four dimensions of social networks: network strength, scale, heterogeneity, center. According to the antecedents of entrepreneurial opportunity recognition to individual factors to the path of personality trait of entrepreneurs is to review the literature, the entrepreneurial opportunity and recognition of the concept of review and definition, determine the measurement of entrepreneurial opportunity recognition literature. Review put forward the theoretical model in the third chapter, based on the relationship between the three is reviewed in order to put forward the hypothesis of this research. In this paper, the measurement of variables used in domestic and foreign mature scales to collect data through the questionnaire survey method, excluding the obvious waste obtained 220 qualified questionnaires cumulative volume and invalid after the questionnaires, were tested using SPSS19.1 and Excel to test the reliability and validity, the test results meet the standard, at the same time, through factor analysis, multiple regression and empirical research methods On the validity of the questionnaires and the research hypotheses were verified. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) college students proactive personality has a positive effect on entrepreneurial opportunity recognition (2) social network and various dimensions have a positive impact on the entrepreneurial opportunity recognition (3) and the dimensions of social network to play the part of the intermediary role in the research conclusion the relationship between proactive personality and entrepreneurial opportunity identification, further enrich the research on entrepreneurial opportunity recognition, especially through empirical research methods, confirmed the effect of proactive personality on entrepreneurial opportunity identification, the antecedent variables of entrepreneurial opportunity recognition, from the personality perspective, and from the information the source and obtain the angle of the social network as a mediator of research, so that we can more clearly understand what individuals are more likely to identify business opportunities, help Inspire entrepreneurial idea of individual students, reasonable construction, maintain their own social network, use social networks to obtain high quality information, increase the probability of the identification of entrepreneurial opportunities, identify more entrepreneurial opportunities. At the same time, provide the inspiration for entrepreneurship education activities at this stage, the existing entrepreneurship education of college students, is not only the basic theoretical knowledge of entrepreneurship education, should also include social communication training, help students build their own social network; at the same time, for the education of young people, should help guide the formation and development of their proactive personality. At the end of the article, a summary of the relevant conclusions, summarizes the theoretical and practical value of the study, and points out the limitations of this article and the outlook for the future.

【学位授予单位】：云南财经大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：C913.4;F279.2

【参考文献】