X公司原材料采购策略研究

发布时间：2018-05-18 01:21

本文选题：供应商全生命周期管理 + 成本模型　；参考：《吉林大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：随着经济的发展,采购管理在企业中地位越来越重要。采购成本直接影响的产品成本,因此采购管理改善提升对于企业的持续发展,有着非常重要的意义。近些年,采购作业模式和采购管理也在不断的演变,由传统采购向战略采购转型,由小采购转为大采购,不断要求采购人员突破自我,突破现有的作业流程和作业方法。X公司是照明行业国内知名品牌的上市公司,历经20年的艰苦奋斗,由8个人的小公司逐步成长为年销售额60亿,员工6000多名,拥有自有品牌的知名企业。公司以拥抱变革的态度,不断的进行创新和转变,不仅是在产品上,在组织管理和流程上,鼓励员工创新,培养管理层的前瞻意识。虽然X公司在国内灯具销售领先,但是行业销售占比只有2%-5%,成长空间巨大。从产业链来看,X公司位于下游灯具应用。整个下游企业对比上游芯片厂以及中游封装企业,规模小,管理不健全,大部分企业管理成本低。而X公司在吴江和中山分别设立生产基地,在吴江拥有800亩投资超过15亿的工业园,在上海和吴江的研发中心,每年投资近2亿元,这在国内的照明灯具企业是罕见的,虽然拥有较强的生产能力和研发实力,但对比国内大大小小的灯具企业的较低管理成本和研发投入,使得X公司面临巨大的成本压力。X公司材料成本占到产品成本的70%,其他管理和研发费用改善空间很小,而且每年的投入还在不断的增加。为持续保持其产品成本的竞争力,必须在采购管理上不断的改进,保障采购价格的合理性。采购自身的转型和创新直接影响到采购物料的交付、物料的品质以及供应商的关系。因此,X公司采购策略管理研究成为X公司运用改善的重中之重。本文首先通过背景说明,阐述采购管理改善的重要性。接着进行了理论综述,介绍了当前研究采购管理的相关理论和方法,如物料分类和采购策略研究等。然后针对X公司现状进行了分析,对现有组织架构,采购流程做了阐述说明,并分析采购管理的实际问题以及造成的不良影响。紧接着,从采购内部和外部提出了改进方案,主要包括以包括采购组织架构变更和职责梳理,在现有人数不变的情况下,将采购人员进行职责细分为4个主要职能,包括开发采购、成本采购、项目采购以及综合管理,并针对各个岗位重新定义工作职责。分工细化,更有利于专业度的提升和工作效率的提升。内部采购策略设计包括供应商管理策略和采购价格分析与管理策略。引入供应商全生命周期管理概念,从寻源、评估、考核和淘汰全方面展开,打破以往管理的模式,扩大寻源渠道,鼓励采购人员走出去,找到适合项目和管理发展的供应资源,并通过门户网站自助注册,储备供应商资源,建立潜在供应商库。在供应商考核方面,设立多维度考核指标,并规范考核结果的策略调整。在X公司首次引入黑名单概念,避免由于人员变更,重新启用信用较差或者违反法律法规的供应资源。在采购价格管理方面,创新性引入行情联动模型,针对物料以及行情波动情况,规划采取不同的采购策略。成本模型和标准化的管理设计,使得X公司采购价格更加颗粒化,让采购人员清楚应该成本,更好的进行成本的控制和管理。X公司每年50%新品推出,使得研发设计对于采购管理产生巨大的影响。研发设计是成本驱动的主要因素,因此采购人员必须通过推动研发设计评审,达成供应商以及物料的优化管理。研发设计管理主要从标准化、通用化、平台化等方面展开,优选库的设计更好的规范了研发物料的选型,逐渐淘汰等级评价较差的物料。物料缩减的方案提出与实施,更加有利于集中采购,提高采购效率。最后从SRM系统平台搭建和采购人员能力提升两个方面对采购策略的提升提供强有力的保障。本文规划设计了SRM系统平台设计的主要视图,全方面包括了采购以及采购相关行为,通过信息平台的搭建,使得采购管理更加专业化、透明化,由人工操作实现线上系统操作,大大减少了采购相关人员的工作效率,同时供应商协同模块的设计,将供应商纳入X公司管理范畴,使得供应商和X公司信息沟通顺畅,从而降低了沟通成本,大大提高了采购效率。采购人员能力的提升对于采购策略的实施起着至关重要的作用。因此将市场走访和竞品分析作为采购专业能力提升的主要途径,系统的培训让采购人员在通用技能、管理技能以及专业技能上全面提升个人能力。通过课程内容、讲师资质以及培训参与率的多方面规划,全面提高培训的效率和效果。相信系统平台的搭建和人员能力的提升一定会使得采购管理改善持续有效。通过从组织、流程和系统方面一系列的改善实施,X公司采购策略实施的合理性和稳定性得到了强有力的保障,同时保障采购物料的供应、品质,有效地较低采购成本,保持公司的竞争优势。
[Abstract]:With the development of the economy, purchasing management is becoming more and more important in the enterprise. The purchase cost has a direct impact on the product cost. Therefore, the improvement of procurement management is of great significance for the continuous development of the enterprise. In recent years, the mode of procurement and the management of procurement are evolving, from the traditional purchase to the strategic purchase, and the transformation from the traditional purchase to the strategic purchase. For 20 years, 20 years of hard work, the company has been gradually growing up to 6 billion, more than 6000 employees and a well-known enterprise with its own brand. In order to embrace change, the company continues to innovate and change, not only on the product, in the organization management and process, to encourage the staff to innovate and to develop the forward-looking consciousness of management. Although the X company is leading the domestic lamps and lanterns, but the industry sales account for only 2%-5%, it has a long space. From the industrial chain, the X company is located in the downstream lamps and lanterns. Compared with the upstream chip factory and the middle reaches package enterprise, the whole downstream enterprise has small scale, unsound management and low management cost, while X company set up production base in Wujiang and Zhongshan respectively, with 800 mu of Industrial Park in Wujiang and 1 billion 500 million yuan in Wujiang, and investment of nearly 200 million yuan each year in Shanghai and Wujiang. The interior lighting enterprises are rare. Although they have strong production capacity and R & D strength, compared with the lower management cost and R & D investment in domestic large and small lamps and lanterns, X company faces huge cost pressure,.X Company material cost accounts for 70% of the product cost, and other management and research and development costs have little room for improvement. And the annual input is still increasing. In order to maintain the competitiveness of its product cost, it is necessary to improve the purchasing management to ensure the rationality of the purchase price. The transformation and innovation of the procurement itself directly affect the delivery of purchasing materials, the quality of materials and the relationship between suppliers and so on, the management of purchasing strategy of X company To become the top priority of X company's application improvement. First, this paper expounds the importance of the improvement of purchasing management through the background explanation. Then, it introduces the theory and methods of purchasing management, such as material classification and purchasing strategy research, and then analyzes the present situation of X company and the existing organizational structure. The procurement process is explained, and the actual problems of procurement management are analyzed and the adverse effects are analyzed. Then, the improvements are proposed from the internal and external procurement, including the changes in the structure of the procurement organization and the carding of responsibilities, and the subdivision of the responsibilities of the purchasers into 4 main functions under the condition that the existing number is unchanged. It includes the development of procurement, cost procurement, project procurement and comprehensive management, and redefines job responsibilities for various posts. The division of labor is refined and more conducive to the promotion of professional degree and improvement of work efficiency. The internal procurement strategy design includes the supplier management strategy and the purchase price analysis and management strategy. The concept, from all aspects of source searching, assessment, assessment and elimination, breaking the past management model, expanding the source channel, encouraging the purchasing personnel to go out, and finding the supply resources suitable for the project and management development, and the self-service registration of the portal website, the reserve of the supplier resources and the establishment of the potential supplier library. We introduce the concept of blacklist for the first time in X company, avoid the change of the staff, reactivate the poor credit or the supply of resources in violation of laws and regulations. In the aspect of purchasing price management, innovative introduction of the model of market linkage, in view of the material and market fluctuations, the planning is not taken. The same purchase strategy, the cost model and the standardized management design make the purchase price of X more granular, make the buyer clear the cost, make the cost control better and manage the 50% new products of.X company every year, making the R & D design have a great influence on the purchase management. As a result, the purchasing personnel must promote the optimization management of suppliers and materials by promoting the evaluation of R & D design. The design management of R & D design is mainly from standardization, generalization and platform. The design of the preferred library is better standardized for the selection of R & D materials, gradually eliminating the poor grade materials. In this paper, the main view of the design of the SRM system platform is designed and designed in this paper, which includes procurement and procurement related behavior, through information, through the information of the SRM system platform and the purchasing personnel's ability to improve two aspects. The construction of the platform makes the purchasing management more specialized and transparent, the operation of the online system is realized by manual operation, which greatly reduces the work efficiency of the procurement related personnel. At the same time, the supplier integrates the design of the module and integrates the suppliers into the management category of the X company, which makes the supplier and X company communicate smoothly, thus reducing the cost of communication. The promotion of purchasing ability plays a vital role in the implementation of purchasing strategy. Therefore, the market visit and competition analysis are the main ways to improve the purchasing ability. The systematic training enables the purchasing personnel to improve their personal abilities in general skills, management skills and professional skills. It is believed that the construction of the system platform and the enhancement of personnel ability will make the improvement of procurement management improve continuously. The implementation of X procurement strategy is reasonable through a series of improvements from organization, process and system. And the stability is guaranteed effectively. At the same time, it guarantees the supply of purchased materials, quality, effectively lower the procurement cost, and maintain the company's competitive advantage.
【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：F274;F426.6

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