中国企业技术引进与自主创新的关系研究

发布时间：2018-05-19 18:57

本文选题：技术引进 + 自主创新　；参考：《山东大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：自1978年以来,我国通过改革开放与世界接轨,秉持"以市场换技术"的发展方针,充分发挥自身后发优势,通过大量引进国外先进技术,在短时间内实现了科技水平的快速提升。技术引进对我国技术进步、经济繁荣起到了极大的促进作用,然而技术引进的"双刃剑"特性逐渐显现:一方面,技术引进可以促使企业通过学习模仿创新,在较短时间内实现技术水平的突破;另一方面,伴随技术引进也有诸多弊端产生,如企业可能形成路径依赖从而创新动力不足,或对引进技术的消化、吸收不足而导致技术浪费,都会挤压企业的自主创新。与此相关的两个重要问题是,技术引进与自主创新是相互替代还是彼此互补?它们又会对创新产出产生怎样的影响?为解答这两个问题,本文进行了丰富的统计分析与实证检验,希望提供参考。本文分别从全国层面、地区层面及产业层面出发,详细分析了我国创新经费投入及创新产出的现状。本文定义技术引进相对势力为技术引进支出与自主创新支出的比值,以把握二者的相对变化,并以专利数量测度创新产出。首先,本文分析了 1995-2014年间全国技术引进、自主创新支出和创新产出的波动情况,发现我国专利授权量增速与技术引进、自主创新支出的相对变动的关联不大,而专利申请量增速与之似乎存在更紧密的联系:1995-2008年间,我国专利申请量增速与技术引进相对势力之间先为反向变动关系,后转变为同向变动关系,2009年以后二者之间波动的联系消失,表明我国技术引进与自主创新和创新产出的关系可能已悄然改变。同时,我国创新经费投入和创新产出在东、中、西部间的分布极不均衡,自东向西呈依次减少的趋势。然后,本文分析了我国工业行业和高技术产业2005-2014年间创新经费投入及产出,发现在这两个行业中,创新产出增速与技术引进相对势力之间也无明显联系。基于以上工作,本文提出了对技术引进与自主创新关系的推断。进一步地,本文利用2005-2014年规模以上工业企业和高技术产业数据,使用负二项模型对技术引进与自主创新的关系进行了实证检验。研究结果表明:(1)自主创新与新产品研发、发明专利申请量呈显著的正相关关系,技术引进对新产品研发具有显著的推动作用,但对发明专利申请量没有显著影响;(2)技术引进与自主创新对创新产出的共同影响显著为负,即技术引进能够弱化自主创新对创新产出的贡献,技术引进与自主创新之间为替代关系。这一结果提醒我们,过度依赖技术引进容易使企业形成路径依赖从而抑制自身的创新能力;因此,为了实现中国的强国之梦,鼓励企业自主创新是必然的选择。
[Abstract]:Since 1978, through reform and opening up to the world, our country has adhered to the development policy of "exchanging markets for technology," and has fully brought into play its own advantage in late development by introducing a large number of advanced technologies from abroad. In a short period of time to achieve the rapid improvement of the level of science and technology. The introduction of technology has played a great role in promoting the technological progress and economic prosperity of our country. However, the "double-edged sword" characteristic of technology introduction has gradually emerged: on the one hand, technology introduction can promote enterprises to imitate innovation through learning. On the other hand, accompanied by the introduction of technology, there are also many disadvantages, such as the enterprises may form path dependence and thus lack of innovation power, or the digestion of imported technology, The absorption insufficient causes the technology waste, all can squeeze the enterprise independent innovation. Two important questions related to this are: will technology introduction and independent innovation replace each other or complement each other? What impact will they have on the output of innovation? In order to answer these two questions, this paper carries on the abundant statistical analysis and the empirical test, hoping to provide the reference. From the national level, the regional level and the industrial level, this paper analyzes in detail the current situation of innovation funds input and innovation output in China. In this paper, the relative power of technology introduction is defined as the ratio of technology import expenditure and independent innovation expenditure, in order to grasp the relative changes of the two, and to measure the innovation output by the number of patents. First of all, this paper analyzes the fluctuation of technology import, independent innovation expenditure and innovation output in China from 1995 to 2014, and finds that the relative change of technology import and independent innovation expenditure is not related to the increase of patent license in China. And there seems to be a closer link between the growth rate of patent applications and the volume of patent applications: between 1995 and 2008, the relationship between the growth rate of patent applications in China and the relative power of technology introduction is first reversed. The relationship between technology introduction and independent innovation and innovation output in China may have changed quietly after 2009. At the same time, the distribution of innovation fund input and innovation output in the east, middle and west of China is very uneven, and the trend is decreasing from east to west. Then, this paper analyzes the investment and output of innovation funds in China's industrial industry and high-tech industry from 2005 to 2014. It is found that there is no obvious relationship between the growth rate of innovation output and the relative power of technology introduction in these two industries. Based on the above work, the relationship between technology introduction and independent innovation is inferred in this paper. Furthermore, using the data of industrial enterprises and high-tech industries over the scale from 2005 to 2014, the negative binomial model is used to test the relationship between technology introduction and independent innovation. The results show that there is a significant positive correlation between independent innovation and new product research and development, and the amount of patent application for invention, and the introduction of technology plays a significant role in promoting the development of new products. However, the amount of patent application for invention has no significant impact on the innovation output. (2) the joint influence of technology introduction and independent innovation on innovation output is significantly negative, that is, technology introduction can weaken the contribution of independent innovation to innovation output. The relationship between technology introduction and independent innovation is substitution. This result reminds us that excessive dependence on technology can easily cause enterprises to form path dependence and inhibit their own innovation ability. Therefore, in order to realize China's dream of becoming a powerful nation, encouraging enterprises to innovate independently is the inevitable choice.
【学位授予单位】：山东大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：F273.1

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