我国小额贷款公司风险研究

发布时间：2018-01-02 00:20

本文关键词：我国小额贷款公司风险研究　出处：《天津大学》2013年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：在2005年12月，我国真正意义上的小额贷款公司出现，此前的小额贷款组织多是由政府或者民间的非营利机构投资成立的，以扶助贫困地区发展为目标。这类机构通常具有福利性质，缺乏运营持续性的保证。而在2005年末开始出现的小额贷款公司，其经营的目的是为了盈利，具有持续的自主经营能力，在其诞生初期就被广泛的寄以厚望，长期困扰中小企业、农户以及个体工商业户的融资困难问题有望通过小贷公司得到解决。推进小额贷款行业的发展，，对小额贷款公司的经营进行扶持，不仅可以使我国广大的中小企业、农户以及个体工商业户获得帮助，在对民间借贷市场的规范方面也能起到一定的作用，使我国金融行业的结构更加完善，推动社会经济整体的健康有序发展。小额贷款公司在我国通常以一般工商企业的形式存在，其监督管理工作有当地的金融办负责，我国的银监会以及人民银行共同为其运作进行规范指导。当前我国的监管机构将多项束缚加诸于小贷公司中，譬如我国的小贷公司不能吸收存款，并不能设定浮动的放款利率，在课税以及其他方面，小贷公司也受到相当程度的限制。因为我国的小额贷款行业长期以来一直属于试验阶段，对于其管理制度的制定也在逐步的摸索中，所以国家对于小贷公司在政策上的束缚不仅使该行业在扩张速度上受到了制约，也使得相关的管理规定难以同实际的行业变化相适应。其具体表现在以下五个方面：一、后继资金来源受到制约；二、定价灵活性受到束缚；三、沉重的税负；四、压缩的生存空间；五、受限的市场空间。小额贷款公司面临着不小的风险，究其原因，大致是由包括人员风险、管理风险、流动性风险、合规风险以及战略风险在内的企业内部的因素以及包括法律风险，政策风险、行业风险以及客户风险在内的宏观外部因素引发的。为了使小额贷款公司能够实现对风险的有效规避，在对中小企业、农户以及个体工商业户的服务中最大程度的发挥效用，在小额贷款公司内部进行改革以提高其自身对于风险的抵抗能力的同时，我国各级政府以及金融管理部门也应当出台相关的法规政策，对小额贷款公司的合法权益进行保障，最终推动整个小额贷款行业的健康有序发展。
[Abstract]:In December 2005, microfinance companies in the real sense of our country appeared. Before that, most of the microfinance organizations were invested by the government or non-governmental non-profit organizations. The aim is to support the development of poor areas. Such institutions are usually of a welfare nature and lack the guarantee of continuity of operation. The microfinance companies that began to appear in end of 2005 were run for profit. With the ability of continuous self-management, it is widely expected in the early stage of its birth, long-term troubled small and medium-sized enterprises, farmers and individual industrial and commercial households financing difficulties are expected to be resolved through small loan companies. To promote the development of microfinance industry, to support the operation of microfinance companies, can not only help the vast number of small and medium-sized enterprises, farmers and individual industrial and commercial households in China. It can also play a certain role in the regulation of the private lending market, make the structure of our financial industry more perfect, and promote the healthy and orderly development of the whole social economy. Microfinance companies usually exist in the form of general industrial and commercial enterprises in our country, and the local financial offices are responsible for their supervision and management. China's Banking Regulatory Commission and the people's Bank of China work together to regulate its operation. At present, our country's regulatory agencies will impose a number of constraints on small loan companies, such as our country's small loan companies can not absorb deposits. It is not possible to set floating lending rates, and small lenders are subject to considerable restrictions on taxes and other aspects. Because China's microfinance industry has long been a pilot stage, the establishment of its management system is also in the process of exploration. So the government's policy constraints on small lending companies not only restrict the expansion rate of the industry. It also makes the relevant management regulations difficult to adapt to the actual changes in the industry. Its specific performance in the following five aspects: first, the source of subsequent funds is restricted; Second, pricing flexibility is constrained; Third, heavy tax burden; Fourth, compressed living space; Fifth, limited market space. Microfinance companies are faced with a large number of risks, the reason for which is generally composed of personnel risk, management risk, liquidity risk. Internal factors including compliance risk and strategic risk, as well as macro external factors including legal risk, policy risk, industry risk and customer risk. In order to enable microfinance companies to achieve effective risk aversion, in the small and medium-sized enterprises, farmers and individual industrial and commercial households to maximize the effectiveness of the services. At the same time, the government and financial management departments at all levels of our country should also issue relevant laws and policies while carrying on the reform inside the micro-loan company to improve its own resistance to the risk. To protect the legal rights and interests of microfinance companies, and ultimately promote the healthy and orderly development of the whole microfinance industry.
【学位授予单位】：天津大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：F832.4

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