我国现行住房公积金制度研究

发布时间：2018-01-14 14:45

本文关键词：我国现行住房公积金制度研究　出处：《吉林大学》2013年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：住房公积金作为我国一项重要的住房保障制度，是在我国住房分配方式逐渐从实物分配向货币分配转变的改革过程中的一项变革性制度创新结果。我国住房公积金制度是在借鉴新加坡住房公积金制度的基础上建立起来的。住房公积金由职工本人和职工所在单位按职工工资一定比例共同缴存，政府集中管理，缴存资金归缴存者个人所有，主要用于住房消费互助保障。这项制度从建立之初到现在经历近二十年的发展，极大推动了我国城镇住房建设，提高了职工的住房消费能力，在很大程度上改善了城镇职工的住房条件，也为政策性住房金融体系的发展做出了不可忽视的贡献。然而，在当今经济社会高速发展、房价攀升到超出许多人消费能力的程度的背景下，住房公积金制度自身的一些缺陷逐渐凸显。在机构设置方面，公积金管理中心体制不顺、职能不清；运行模式方面，公积金覆盖面小，公平缺失，且区域协作不足，限制了普遍性住房保障作用的发挥，也违背了惠及广大中低收入群体的初衷；管理使用方面，住房公积金使用率低，地区发展不平衡，监管机制不完善，对保障房支持角色不明等。这一系列缺陷的存在致使住房公积金制度的住房保障能力严重弱化，职工购房时无法从公积金处得到强有力的支持，因此也导致了人们对住房公积金制度的现实作用乃至存在意义生出疑虑。政府需遵循执政为民的原则，与时俱进地对这一制度进行发展和完善，才能进一步发展住房保障体系，让其真正惠及广大职工群众，为解决群众住房问题提供切实帮助，以促进和谐社会的构建。一些发达国家在建设住房保障体系的过程中起步早，发展也已较为成熟，有不少发现问题和解决问题的宝贵经验，值得我国认真研究和学习。例如，美国住房保障的充分法制化，发达的住房金融，日本完善的法规建设和优惠的住房政策，德国为构建房筹资形成的互助合作融资的住房储蓄制度，新加坡以政府为主导建立起来的住房公积金保障制度、差别公有住宅补贴等——这些都可作为我国发展住房保障体系的重要参考和启示。我国在住房保障制度建设完善中，应进一步凸显政府干预主体地位，一方面提高居民支付能力，另一方面加强保障房建设扩大住房供给，如若仅靠市场调节，很大一部分居民的住房问题无法得到妥善解决；并加强立法尽快形成较为完整的住房保障法律体系，坚决打击因法律漏洞而频现的腐败现象，保证住房保障体系的健康发展；此外还应在防范风险的前提下加强金融创新，提高住房公积金资金使用效率和住房体系的健康向上发展。在借鉴主要发达国家成功经验的基础上，立足我国现实国情，结合当前房地产调控政策和加快完善住房公积金制度的精神，本文从三个方面提出完善住房公积金制度的举措：其一完善制度。明确公积金管理中心定位，短期内理顺其和商业银行的委托-代理关系，提高资金使用效率和安全性，长期令其向政策性金融机构转变，强化归集，扩大住房公积金覆盖面，使全体劳动者最终都能享受住房公积金带来的福利；其二体制创新。考虑到房价上涨，建立缴存率与地方房价联动机制，提供向中低收入群体倾斜的各式贷款优惠政策，建立统一的公积金服务平台，破除属地管理造成的阻碍，进一步便利住房公积金的使用；其三优化管理，规范公积金运营管理流程，确保信息公开透明合理运营，并促进公积金保值增值，在依照国家法规大力支持保障房建设的同时，保证住房公积金资金使用的合规、安全和高效。住房公积金在历史上曾为解决居民住房问题起到过举足轻重的作用，它势必要在住房保障体系中被赋予基石性的地位。面对住房公积金制度陆续暴露出的种种弊端和不足，政府需积极采取措施对其发展完善，使其顺应时代发展需求，及时克服诸多弱点，真正成为行之有效的制度，造福广大劳动者尤其是中低收入群体。这是与广大人民群众切身福祉息息相关的举措，，也是建设社会主义和谐社会的根本要求，事关国计民生和长治久安，任重道远。只有做好住房公积金制度的改革和完善工作，才能更为充分地支持人民群众的住房需求，从而更好地为广大人民群众的利益服务。
[Abstract]:The housing provident fund as an important part of China's housing security system, innovation is the results of a change of system reform process in our country housing distribution gradually from physical distribution to monetary distribution in the transformation. China's housing provident fund system is established on the basis of the housing provident fund system in Singapore on the housing provident fund by the workers. I and the unit employees wages of a certain proportion of common deposit, the government centralized management of funds deposited by the individual contributor, mainly for housing consumption. Mutual protection of this system from the beginning of the establishment to now has nearly twenty years of development, has greatly promoted China's urban housing construction, improve employee housing consumption capacity the town, improve the housing conditions of workers to a great extent, also made a significant contribution to the development of the housing finance system and policy.
However, with the rapid development of the economic society, rising prices beyond the consumption capacity of many degree of background, some defects of the housing provident fund system itself is increasingly prominent. In terms of organization, fund management center system, function is not clear; the operation mode, the provident fund coverage is small, the lack of fairness, and lack of regional cooperation that limits the universal housing security role, also against the benefit of low-income groups in mind; the use of housing provident fund management, low utilization rate, the imbalance in regional development, the regulatory mechanism is not perfect, to support low-income housing. This role is unknown exist a series of defects of the housing security capacity resulting in the housing provident fund system a serious weakening of workers buyers cannot receive strong support from the fund, therefore lead to the reality of the role of people on the housing provident fund system is To give birth to the meaning of existence. The government should follow the doubts about the principle, the times on the system of the development and improvement of housing security system in order to further the development, to really benefit the masses of workers, to provide practical help to solve the housing problems of the masses, to promote the building of a harmonious society.
Some developed countries in the process of the construction of housing security system in the early start, development has been more mature, there are a lot of valuable experience and solve problems, it is worth our careful study and learning. For example, the United States fully legalized housing security, developed housing finance, Japan perfect regulations and preferential policies of housing construction to construct the financing form, Germany cooperation financing housing savings system, Singapore government established as the leading housing provident fund system, the difference of public housing subsidies - all of which can be used as an important reference and Enlightenment for the development of China's housing security system. In our country, the construction of housing security system should be further perfected, highlights on the one hand, government intervention subject status, improve the residents ability to pay, on the other hand, to strengthen the construction of low-income housing to expand housing supply, if only by market regulation, great Some residents of the housing problem can not be solved properly; to strengthen the legislation and formed a relatively complete legal system of housing security as soon as possible, and resolutely crack down due to loopholes and frequent corruption, ensure the healthy development of the housing security system; also should strengthen financial innovation risk in the premise of improving efficiency in the use of funds and housing provident fund the healthy development of the housing system.
On the basis of the successful experience of major developed countries, based on the actual situation in China, combined with the current real estate control policies and accelerate the improvement of the housing provident fund system, this paper improve the housing provident fund system measures from three aspects: first, improve the system of fund management center. Clear positioning, straighten out and commissioned its commercial banks - the agency relationship in the short term, the use of funds to improve the efficiency and safety, long-term change, to make policy financial institutions to strengthen the collection, expand the coverage of housing provident fund, so that all workers will eventually enjoy the benefits of the housing provident fund; system innovation. Taking into account the price rise, to establish linkage mechanism of the deposit rate and local prices, provide preferential all kinds of loan policy to low-income groups, the establishment of a provident fund unified service platform, to get rid of obstacles caused by territorial management, further Ease of use of housing provident fund; the optimal management, standardize the provident fund operation management process, to ensure open and transparent information reasonable operation, and promote the value of the fund, in accordance with national laws and regulations to support the construction of low-income housing at the same time, to ensure the compliance of housing provident fund use, safe and efficient.
Housing provident fund in history to solve the problem of housing residents played a pivotal role, it is necessary in the housing security system is endowed with fundamental position. Facing the disadvantages of housing provident fund system has exposed and deficiencies, the government must take active measures to improve its development, so as to adapt to the development needs of the times, in a timely manner to overcome many weaknesses, really become the effective system for the benefit of the majority of workers, especially low-income groups. This is closely related to the immediate well-being of the masses initiatives, but also the fundamental requirement of building socialism harmonious society, is beneficial to the people's livelihood and long period of stability, the reform has a long way to go. Only do the housing provident fund system and perfect the work, in order to more demand for housing the full support of the masses, so as to better serve the interests of the masses.

【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：F299.23;D632.1

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