我国欠发达地区农村小额信贷风险控制研究

发布时间：2018-02-10 17:07

本文关键词： 农村小额信贷信贷风险控制欠发达地区　出处：《吉林大学》2013年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：小额信贷，一般是指专门向低收入群体或微型企业提供的额度较小的信贷金融服务。小额信贷的核心要素在于其针对的对象是贫困群体或中低收入社会阶层，故从始至终带有社会本位或扶持弱势群体的目标价值色彩。农村小额信贷专指以农户、农村小工商户、农村经营户等为信贷对象的小额信贷。农村小额信贷风险控制基本理论主要包括传统农业融资理论、农村市场主导理论、不完全竞争市场理论。信贷风险，意指由于信贷借款人无法按期足额还款而导致金融机构无法按期足额收回本金及利息进而造成损失，或者因内部或外部因素导致金融机构承受损失的可能性。若想使农村小额信贷获得可持续性发展，就必然要对相关商业银行或金融机构的信贷风险进行有效控制。欠发达地区农村小额信贷的发展状况及风险控制无法摆脱特定金融环境的限制与影响。我国欠发达地区农村金融环境的特点包括：欠发达地区农村领域的金融风险要高于其他地区，广大农民对农村金融机构缺乏正确认识并疏于对其进行有效监督且从众心理严重，农村金融机构抵御金融风险的能力相对不足。我国欠发达地区农村小额信贷的风险类型包括信用风险、管理风险和利率风险。我国欠发达地区农村小额信贷事业在信用风险控制方面面临的问题主要表现为，农户自身经济能力严重欠缺，农民信用意识普遍缺失，农户承受外部环境压力过大等；在管理风险控制方面面临的问题主要表现为，信用调查工作不到位，信用等级评级不合理，贷后监管措施不严密等；在利率风险控制方面面临的问题主要表现为，信贷成本较高，利率厘定不准，，补偿机制缺位等。对我国欠发达地区农村小额信贷风险控制的相关建议包括：在信用风险控制方面，应想方设法提升农民信用意识，全面建构配套服务机制，审慎处理与当地政府关系。在管理风险控制方面，应不断优化与规范信用调查工作，对小额信贷申请进行实质性审查、全面实行动态化信用档案管理。在利率风险控制方面，应以节约成本为导向强化内部管理措施、建立科学利率厘定机制、探索建构风险补偿机制等。
[Abstract]:Microfinance, generally refers specifically to the low-income groups or micro enterprises small amount of credit and financial services. The core elements of microfinance is the targeted poor or low-income stratum, the target value of color is from beginning to end with a social standard or to support vulnerable groups. Rural microfinance refers to rural households. Small businesses, such as rural households credit object of microfinance. The rural micro credit risk control theory mainly includes the traditional agriculture financing theory, rural market theory, imperfect competition market theory.
Credit risk means, because credit borrowers cannot make full repayment due to financial institutions unable to recover the principal and interest in full and cause losses, or because of internal or external factors lead to the possibility of financial institutions to bear the loss. In order to make the rural microfinance sustainable development, effectively control must be related to commercial banks or financial institutions credit risk.
The development of underdeveloped areas of rural credit and risk control can not get rid of restriction and influence of specific financial environment. Including the characteristics of rural financial environment in underdeveloped regions of China: rural areas in underdeveloped areas of the financial risk is higher than other regions, the majority of farmers in rural financial institutions, the lack of a correct understanding and neglect of effective supervision and conformity the serious psychological, the relative lack of ability of rural financial institutions to resist financial risks. The risk types of rural microfinance in developed regions including China's credit risk management, risk and interest rate risk.
China's underdeveloped areas of rural microcredit in face of credit risk control is the main problem of the farmer's own economic capacity, the lack of serious lack of farmers' awareness of credit, farmers bear external environmental pressure is too large; faced in the management of risk control is the main problem, credit investigation is not in place, credit rating after the loan is not reasonable, regulatory measures are not strict; in the face of interest rate risk control is the main problem, the high cost of credit, interest rate determination allowed, compensation mechanism is vacant.
Including the relevant suggestions in developed areas of rural micro credit risk control of China's debt: in the aspect of credit risk control, the ways to enhance the farmers' credit consciousness, constructing a comprehensive supporting service mechanism, the relationship between care with the local government. In the aspect of the management of risk control, should constantly optimization and regulation of credit investigation, the substantive review of microfinance the credit application, the full implementation of the dynamic management of credit archives. In terms of the interest rate risk control, in order to save the cost oriented to strengthen internal management measures, establish a scientific interest rate setting mechanism, explore the construction of risk compensation mechanism.

【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：F832.43

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