欧盟碳排放权交易机制分析

发布时间：2018-03-13 00:16

本文选题：欧盟　切入点：碳排放权　出处：《吉林大学》2013年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：面对全球变暖与能源枯竭等问题，西方发达国家提出发展低碳经济战略，并把它作为新一轮国际竞争的关键。低碳经济的迅速发展催生出如碳排放权交易等与之相关的金融产品，这一机制充分发挥市场作用，能够以较低的成本完成节能减排目标。欧盟率先建立了碳排放权交易机制，即EU-ETS交易机制，拥有一整套成熟的交易规则。欧盟碳排放权交易市场自建立以来，交易量和成交金额逐步上升，成为全世界最大的碳排放权交易市场。目前欧盟已经成功建立起一个以市场为基础，政府主导，全社会共同参与的交易机制，其所取得的成就是有目共睹的。中国的发展情况与欧盟有着相近之处。首先，欧盟和中国都属于工业化的国家，中国的能源产出主要依靠煤和少量的石油、天然气。第二，欧盟由许多的国家组成并且每一个国家都有着自己的利益。同样中国省份众多，发展水平也不一致，每个省份要兼顾经济、社会和政治利益。因此学习欧盟碳排放权交易机制的经验对我国建设碳交易市场有着更实际的意义。目前我国GDP占全世界总量的10%，，但能耗却占到了20%，中国的碳排放量居世界第一位，减排压力巨大。同时作为一个发展中的大国，我国还肩负着促进社会平等、发展经济、保护环境、人与自然和谐发展等重任。如何在完成承诺目标的同时，又尽可能地降低成本是我们的当务之急。我国碳市场发展迅速，CDM数量从2005年27个发展到2012年3月的4712个，增长速度十分惊人，这充分体现了我国的减排潜力。根据国家计划已在北京、上海、重庆、湖北和广东等7个省市开始进行碳排放权交易，积极准备构建全国性的碳市场。但与此同时，我国的碳交易市场还存在着产业结构不合理、缺乏明确的定价机制、立法不完善、配套制度不健全、专业人才缺失等问题。在这一背景下，研究欧盟碳排放权交易机制对我国建立碳市场有着一定的借鉴价值与现实意义。本文首先介绍选题的背景，以及研究的目的与意义，接着阐述了碳排放交易的理论基础-外部性理论和科斯定理，随后从制度、需求、供给、价格、分配、监督六个方面分析碳排放权交易制度。重点分析了欧盟碳排放权交易体系，EU ETS运行过程有序而复杂，欧盟内部各成员国有着自己的职责和义务，严格遵守交易机制规则，实现规定的减排目标。但欧盟碳排放权交易机制在取得成绩的同时也存在着一定的问题，遭到了多方的质疑。最后总结概括我国碳交易市场的现状及存在的问题，借鉴欧盟碳排放权交易机制的发展经验，弥补本国不足，合理利用资源优势，建设国内碳交易市场，提高对于气候变化的适应性。
[Abstract]:In the face of global warming and energy depletion and other issues, the western developed countries put forward the development strategy of low carbon economy, and take it as a key to a new round of international competition. The rapid development of low carbon economy spawned such as carbon emissions trading and other related financial products, the mechanism and give full play to the role of the market, to accomplish the goal energy saving and emission reduction at lower cost. The first to establish a carbon emissions trading mechanism, EU-ETS trading mechanism, has a mature set of trading rules. The EU carbon emissions trading market since its establishment, trading volume and turnover rose gradually, become the biggest worldwide carbon emissions trading market. Currently the EU has successfully to establish a market-based, government led, trading mechanism of the participation of the whole society, the achievements are obvious to people.
The development of Chinese and the EU have similarities. First of all, the European Union and China belong to the industrialized countries, China energy output mainly depends on coal and a small amount of oil and natural gas. In second, the EU by many countries and every country has its own interests. The same China many provinces, the level of development it is not the same, each province must take account of the economic, social and political interests. Therefore the study of EU carbon emissions trading system experience has more practical significance for the construction of the carbon trading market in China.
At present, China's GDP accounted for 10% of the total in the world, but the energy consumption has accounted for 20% of carbon emissions, the Chinese ranks first in the world, huge pressure to reduce emissions. At the same time, as a developing country, our country also shoulder to promote social equality, economic development, protect the environment, the harmonious development between man and nature. How to complete the task. In the commitment to the goal at the same time, it is possible to reduce the cost of the US is a pressing matter of the moment.
China's carbon market is developing rapidly, the CDM number from 2005 27 to March 2012 4712, the growth rate is very alarming, this fully reflects China's emission reduction potential. According to the national plan has been in Beijing, Shanghai, Chongqing, Hubei and Guangdong and other 7 provinces to carry out carbon emissions trading, actively preparing for the construction of the country the carbon market. But at the same time, China's carbon trading market there are still irrational industrial structure, lack of clear pricing mechanism, imperfect legislation, supporting system is not perfect, lack of professional talents. In this context, the research of the EU carbon emissions trading mechanism has a certain reference value and practical significance on the establishment of carbon market in China.
This paper first introduces the research background, the purpose and significance of the study, then expounds the theoretical basis of carbon emission trading externality theory and Coase theorem, then from the system, demand, supply, price, distribution, the six aspects of supervision and analysis of carbon emissions trading system. Focus on the analysis of the EU carbon emissions trading system EU, ETS running orderly and complex, EU member state with their duties and obligations, strictly abide by the rules of the trading mechanism, the implementation of the provisions of the emission reduction targets. But the EU carbon emissions trading mechanism in the achievements at the same time, there are also some problems, has been questioned. Finally summed up the status quo carbon trading market in China and the existing problems, learn from the development experience of the EU carbon emissions trading mechanism, to make up for their lack of rational use of resources, the construction of domestic carbon trading market, improve the climate for Adaptability of change.

【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：X32;F831.51

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