我国基本养老保险金信托运营法律规制研究

发布时间：2018-04-27 20:28

本文选题：基本养老保险金 + 信托　；参考：《西南大学》2013年硕士论文

【摘要】：20世纪八十年代以来,世界老龄化人口增加,我国也逐步迈入老龄化社会。为了应对老龄化危机,世界各国纷纷采取各种措施保障养老保险金的支付能力,我国也不例外。目前,基本养老保险金的运营效果并不是很好,其运营情况令人堪忧。因此,寻找基本养老保险金保值增值的新途径迫在眉睫。基本养老保险金信托运营是基本养老保险金保值增值的新途径,具体是指：各地社会保险经办机构或其委托社会保障基金理事会,将基金交给信托投资公司进行管理,并由专门的基金监督委员会和银监会共同进行监督,在低风险下,保证基本养老保险金收益的最大化。对于统筹基金来说,基金管理者即各地的社会保险经办机构为委托人,信托公司为受托人,成立一个信托关系,其中受益人为全体养老保险的缴费者。而对于个人账户来说,由于个人账户的私有财产性,就需要有两个层次的法律关系。第一层次是参保者与社保经办机构之间的合同关系,参保者与社保经办机构是委托与代理的关系。第二层次是社保经办机构与信托公司之间的信托关系,其中社保经办机构是委托人,信托公司是受托人,受益人是参保者。各地的社保经办机构也可以将基金委托给社保基金理事会,由其选择信托公司进行投资运营。此时,各地社保经办机构与社保基金理事会是委托与代理的关系,社保基金理事会与信托公司之间是信托关系。基本养老保险金被挤占、挪用现象严重,再加上单一的投资渠道,基本养老保险金的收益率较低。而在基本养老保险金信托运营过程中,信托财产的独立性可以有效保障基金的完整性和独立性,防止挪用现象的发生；信托专业理财的特点使信托运营在运营成本、运营收益和运营风险防范方面有极大的优势,保障了基金的安全性和收益性；信托运营的连续性也符合基本养老保险金的运营要求。目前,我国出现了一些基本养老保险金信托运营的实践,并取得了良好的运营效果。然而,专门的基本养老保险金投资运营管理法律的缺失以及我国信托法律存在的缺陷,导致我国基本养老保险金信托运营无法发挥最大的功效。智利、英国、美国三个国家的养老保险金运营都采取了信托的方式,为我国完善基本养老保险金信托化运营提供了很多值得借鉴的经验。首先,法律体系的完善是保障基本养老保险金信托运营的必备条件。基本养老保险金信托运营需要专门的立法予以确立,并完善相关的配套法律。其次,基金的管理部门和运营部门要分开,形成具有竞争性的运营机制。再次,要拓宽养老保险基金投资渠道,采取多元化投资组合运营方式。分析养老保险金的性质和功能,选择合适的投资方式。实行现收现付的统筹基金在信托运营时,应严格控制投资范围；实行积累制的个人账户在信托运营时可以采取多元化的投资方式。最后,加强政府职责和监管。根据中国的具体情况和外国的经验借鉴,完善基本养老保险金信托运营的法律建议有以下三个方面：第一,应该出台专门规制养老保险金运营的法律,将信托的运营模式进行详细规定。与此同时,完善信托方面的法律法规,保障基本养老保险金信托运营的顺利进行。在相关的法律法规中确定基本养老保险金信托运营的主体、投资原则和投资范围,并完善对受托人的监管；第二,明确基本养老保险金的独立性,合理限制委托人的权利；第三,完善受托人的义务和归责原则,受托人应遵守忠实义务、谨慎投资义务、保证最低收益率义务和分散投资义务,明确其归责原则应为过错推定原则。
[Abstract]:Since the 80s twentieth Century, the aging population in the world has increased and our country is gradually entering an aging society. In order to cope with the crisis of aging, all countries in the world have taken various measures to ensure the ability to pay for the pension insurance, which is no exception in our country. At present, the operation effect of the basic pension insurance is not very good, and its operation is worrying. Therefore, it is imminent to find a new way to maintain and increase the value of the basic old-age insurance.
The basic pension fund trust operation is a new way to maintain and increase the value of the basic endowment insurance. It refers to the social insurance agencies or the Council of the social security fund, which is entrusted to the trust and investment company to manage, and is supervised jointly by the special fund supervision committee and the CBRC, under the low risk. The maximization of the income of the basic endowment insurance gold. For the overall fund, the fund manager is the principal of the social insurance agency all over the country, and the trust company establishes a trust relationship for the trustee, in which the beneficiary is the payer of the whole pension insurance. For the individual account, the private property of the individual account is due to the private property of the individual account. There are two levels of legal relations. The first level is the contractual relationship between the insured and the social security agency. The insured and the social security agency is the relationship between the principal and the agency. The second level is the trust relationship between the social security agency and the trust company. The social security agency is the principal, the trust company is the trustee and the trust company is the trustee. The social security agencies in all localities can also entrust the fund to the Council of the social security fund to choose the trust companies to invest and operate. At this time, the social security agency and the social security fund board are the relations between the agency and the agency, and the Social Security Fund Council and the trust company are trust relations.
The basic old-age insurance gold is squeezed, the misappropriation is serious, and a single investment channel is added, and the income rate of the basic pension insurance is low. In the course of the basic pension fund trust operation, the independence of the trust property can effectively protect the integrity and independence of the fund and prevent the occurrence of misappropriation; the special financial management of the trust is special. The trust operation has a great advantage in operation cost, operating income and operation risk prevention, which ensures the security and profitability of the fund. The continuity of trust operation also meets the operation requirements of the basic pension insurance. At present, some basic pension insurance trust operations have appeared in China, and good transportation has been achieved. However, the lack of the special basic pension fund investment management law and the defects of our trust law lead to the failure of the basic pension insurance operation in our country to play the most important role.
The operation of pension insurance in three countries in Chile, Britain and the United States has taken a trust mode, which provides a lot of experience for our country to improve the basic pension insurance operation. First, the perfection of the legal system is the necessary condition for the operation of the basic endowment insurance. The special legislation will be established and the relevant relevant laws are perfected. Secondly, the management and operation departments of the fund should be separated to form a competitive operation mechanism. Thirdly, we should broaden the investment channels of the endowment insurance fund and adopt a diversified portfolio operation mode, analyze the nature and function of the old insurance gold, and choose the appropriate investment. We should strictly control the scope of investment in the trust operation, and carry out a diversified investment mode in the trust operation of the accumulative individual account. Finally, the government's responsibilities and supervision should be strengthened.
According to the specific situation of China and the experience of foreign countries, there are three legal proposals to improve the basic pension fund trust operation. First, the law should be issued to regulate the operation of pension insurance, and the operation mode of the trust should be stipulated in detail. At the same time, the laws and regulations of the trust should be perfected to guarantee the basic maintenance. The operation of the old insurance trust is carried out smoothly. In the relevant laws and regulations, the main body of the basic pension insurance trust operation, the principle of investment and the scope of investment, and the supervision of the trustee are perfected; second, the independence of the basic pension insurance is clearly defined, the rights of the principal are restricted reasonably; and third, to perfect the obligations and imputation of the trustees In principle, the trustee should abide by the duty of loyalty, the obligation of prudent investment, the obligation to guarantee the lowest rate of return and the obligation to disperse the investment, and make clear that the principle of its liability should be the principle of presumption of fault.

【学位授予单位】：西南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：D922.182.3;D922.282

【参考文献】