我国民间借贷政府监管问题研究

发布时间：2018-06-22 03:24

本文选题：民间借贷 + 合法性　；参考：《东北财经大学》2013年硕士论文

【摘要】：民间借贷作为中国金融行业的“老兵”,始终得不到政府官方认可,且一直经受着相关部门的监管抑制。其依托于非正规金融体系的合法地位的缺失与政府相关部门民间借贷监管职能的缺乏,致使我国民间金融行业长期处于盲目的发展阶段。神木县以及温州和鄂尔多斯的信贷崩盘,都只是我国民间借贷现存问题和潜在危机的缩影。至此追究其原因,表面上看是由于地方上的民间资本不顾客观现实,无限度的追求暴利和寻求突破,导致民间借贷泡沫膨胀,实体经济大受打击。另一方面,由于物价飞涨、流通性紧缩,中小企业很难从传统正规的金融机构中贷出钱来,因此简单、灵活的民间借贷得以盛行。更深一层的原因是地方性信贷系统的不完善,以及地方性政府民间借贷监管体系的缺失而造成的。民间借贷这一特殊的经济形式,作为一把“双刃剑”正影响着我国的国民经济和社会的人民文化生活。一方面由于自发性和缺乏外部制约等问题,确实会因谋取暴利而构成诸多经济犯罪,诸如民间非法集资、非法高利转贷、暴利金融传销,甚至一些触犯刑法的人身伤害等。另一方面,也正以其独特的自身优势为大规模民间资本寻求突破的同时,也为正规金融机构做出了很好的补充,为民营企业和个体工商业者贷款难的问题寻找到了新的出路。显然政府应首当其冲利用“监管”这一强硬且有效的行政手段,同时坚固法律法规和遵循市场供求规律,处理和协调好这“两方面”问题,做到国民经济高速、稳定、持续发展。介于我国的基本国情,通过现行我国民间借贷政府监管制度和体系缺失的研究,以及国外发达国家和地区相关经验借鉴,笔者认为：通过立法与民间宣传教育相结合的方式,以民间借贷观念深入民心为目的,确立民间借贷在我国的合法地位；通过信贷资金流向监控制度与民间借贷监管人员考核制度的实现,进一步完善现行民间借贷监管制度；通过明确地方性工商管理部门与银监会的民间借贷监管职能,解决我国政府部门相关职能缺失问题；结合国内外研究成果,实行政府相关部门合规监管与风险控制结合的混合监管,以及政府部门主动监管与民间借贷行业自律性相结合监管的两种模式。本文创新点：利用赋予现存部门政府所缺失的职能,替代成立新的专职监管部门,在实现我国政府部门新职能的同时,一定程度上解决了机构设置上的冗余问题,并且使执行同一监管职能的监管机构分工明确：地方工商管理部门侧重于合规监管,银监会侧重于风险控制；成立民间借贷交易管理中心,丰富围绕在非正规金融监管机构的民间金融服务产业；从提高政府监管人员素质角度,建立民间借贷监管人员考核制度；通过继续探索更加全面且更具实效性的政府监管模式,达到使民间借贷政府监管这一职能具有一定的延展性和向前发展的潜力。第一章绪论通过对神木县由于民间信贷崩盘而造成的当地金融危机现象的描述和分析,浅析现象背后的原因与对我国国民经济的深远影响,从而对其总结和概括,形成文章的研究背景及研究意义；第二章内容通过对民间借贷概念、特点及发展状况的描述,揭示了民间借贷与正规金融机构的关系,以及其在我国国民经济发展体系中不可或缺的地位和重要作用；第三章作为文章的次核心章节,其内容揭露和分析了我国现行民间借贷政府监管制度和体系的缺失,并解释了相关问题的原因,为随后的金融监管体制改革和民间借贷政府监管的改进提供了理论素材。第四章内容是就国外发达国家和地区的民间借贷政府监管问题与我国进行比较研究,总结其中值得借鉴的先进的监管理念和监管模式。第五章作为文章的核心章节,笔者结合前文我国现行政府民间借贷监管问题原因分析以及国外民间借贷监管经验借鉴,就我国民间借贷政府监管法律体系的确立、制度及职能的建立与监管模式探索等阐述了自己的观点和些许建议。
[Abstract]:As the "veteran" of the Chinese financial industry, private lending has never been recognized by the government, and has been withstanding the regulation of the relevant departments. The lack of legal status of the informal financial system and the lack of government related departments' functions of private lending supervision have led to a long blind hair in the private financial industry. The credit collapse of Shenmu county and Wenzhou and Ordos is the epitome of the existing problems and potential crises in China's private lending. On the other hand, because of the soaring prices and tight liquidity, it is difficult for small and medium-sized enterprises to lend money from the traditional formal financial institutions, so the simple and flexible private lending prevails. The deeper reason is the imperfection of local credit system and the lack of local government private lending supervision system. As a "double-edged sword", as a "double-edged sword", the special economic form of borrowing and lending is affecting the people's cultural life of our national economy and society. On the one hand, because of the spontaneity and lack of external constraints, there are many economic crimes, such as the illegal fund-raising of the folk, the illegal high profit transfer and the financial pyramid selling. On the other hand, on the other hand, it is also making a good supplement to the regular financial institutions with its unique advantages for the large-scale private capital. It is a new way for private enterprises and individual business owners to find a new way out. It is clear that the government should make the best use of it. To regulate this tough and effective administrative means, at the same time, strengthen the laws and regulations and follow the law of market supply and demand, deal with and coordinate the "two aspects", so as to achieve high speed, stability and sustainable development of the national economy.
In the context of the basic national conditions of our country, through the research on the lack of the current government supervision system and system and the related experience of the developed countries and regions in foreign countries, the author believes that the purpose of the combination of legislation and civil publicity and education is to establish the legitimacy of folk lending in our country with the purpose of deepening the folk lending concept to the people. Status; through the realization of the flow of credit funds to monitoring system and the assessment system of private lending regulators, the current supervision system of private lending is further perfected, and the problem of the lack of related functions of the government departments in our country is solved by defining the functions of the local industrial and commercial management departments and the regulatory functions of the private lending of the Banking Regulatory Commission, and the research results at home and abroad are combined. The two modes of combination of government related departments and risk control are implemented, as well as the combination of the government departments' active supervision and the self-discipline of the private lending industry.
The innovation point: instead of setting up a new full-time supervisory department by giving the functions missing from the government of the existing department, we can solve the redundant problems in the institution setting while realizing the new functions of the government department in our country, and make clear the division of labor in the regulatory agency executing the same regulatory function: the local business administration department emphasizes the emphasis. In compliance with regulation, the CBRC focuses on risk control, establishes a private lending and transaction management center, enriches the private financial services industry around the informal financial regulatory authorities, and establishes a civil debit regulator assessment system from the perspective of improving the quality of the government regulators; and through continuing to explore a more comprehensive and more effective administration. The government regulation mode has the potential to extend the function of private lending government supervision.
The first chapter is an introduction to the description and analysis of the local financial crisis caused by the collapse of folk credit in Shenmu county, analysis of the reasons behind the phenomenon and the profound influence on our national economy, so as to summarize and summarize the background and research significance of the article, and the second chapter through the concept of private lending, special The description of the point and the development situation reveals the relationship between the private lending and the formal financial institutions and its indispensable position and important role in the national economic development system of our country. As the sub core chapter of the article, the third chapter reveals and analyzes the lack of the current government supervision system and system in our country. The reasons for the related problems are explained, and the theoretical material is provided for the reform of the financial supervision system and the improvement of the government supervision of the private lending government. The fourth chapter is the comparative study on the supervision of the private lending government in developed countries and regions of foreign countries and our country, and summarizes the advanced supervision ideas and modes of supervision which are worthy of reference. The five chapter, as the core chapter of the article, combines the analysis of the reasons for the government's current government private lending supervision and the experience of foreign private lending supervision, and expounds the views and some suggestions on the establishment of the legal system of the government supervision and regulation, the establishment of the system and function and the exploration of the mode of supervision.
【学位授予单位】：东北财经大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：F832.4;D630

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