陕西省临时参议会研究（1939-1945）

发布时间：2018-01-01 06:28

本文关键词：陕西省临时参议会研究（1939-1945）　出处：《陕西师范大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：近代以来国人认为民主是救亡图存、国家富强的工具。卢沟桥事变后,中华民族到了生死存亡的关头,国共两党合作,全民族英勇抵抗倭寇的侵略。为了有效的动员抗战力量,在野各派要求国民政府组织各级民意机构,国民政府在中央成立国民参政会,同时要求各省市成立临时参议会。陕西省政府为陕西省临时参议会的成立积极筹备。陕西省咨议局和省议会等民主实践为陕西省临时参议会提供经验和教训。陕西省临时参议会成立于1939年7月1日,解散于1945年12月20日,共存在两届,举行11次大会,通过提案710件。陕西省临时参议会是战时咨议机构,组织主要有议长副议长、驻会委员会、审查委员会、视察团、秘书处等,职权主要有决议权、建议权、听取施政报告权、询问权、选举权等。参议员认为职权过于狭小,不能有效的发挥作用,一直尝试扩大职权,但没成功。战时的环境决定了陕西省临时参议会的主要关注目标是实现战争的胜利,粮政和兵役是战时的两大要政。粮政和兵役办理的好坏直接关系着抗战的胜负,陕西省临时参议会对粮政和兵役关注度最高。在粮政和兵役方面,陕西省临时参议会提出了诸多切实可行的方案,原则为统筹政府和民众的利益,在满足抗战需要的前提下尽量减少民众的痛苦。随着战局不断好转,特别是到了胜券在握的时候,陕西省临时参议会对建设现代化的新陕西较为关注,积极为陕西的政治、经济、教育等方面的建设出谋划策,做出了一系列有益的探索。作为体制外的力量,陕西省临时参议会与陕西省政府具有协调和冲突的双重关系,总体上较为和谐,但在一些重大问题上也存在冲突,并贯穿其始终。陕西省临时参议会是战时陕西最高的咨议机构,同时陕西省政府也需要借助陕西省临时参议会来推行政令,特别是参议员是陕西各界精英的代表,具有较大的政治潜力,加上参议员借助陕西临时参议会积极参政议政,陕西省临时参议会对战时陕西的各方面产生重要的影响。陕西省临时参议会为抗战的胜利做出了一定的贡献,在一定程度上减轻了陕西民众的负担,为陕西省参议会的实践提供了借鉴。陕西省临时参议会是西方民主制度与抗战环境相结合的产物,是近代中国民主探索的重要一环。
[Abstract]:Since modern times, Chinese people believe that democracy is a tool to save the nation and save the nation. After the Lugou Bridge incident, the Chinese nation came to the juncture of survival and death, and the Kuomintang and the Communist Party cooperated with each other. The whole nation bravely resisted the Japanese aggressors. In order to effectively mobilize the forces of resistance, the opposition factions demanded that the national government organize public opinion organizations at all levels, and the national government set up a national political council at the central level. At the same time, the provincial and municipal governments are required to set up provisional council. The Shaanxi provincial government is actively preparing for the establishment of the provisional council of Shaanxi province. The democratic practices such as the Shaanxi provincial council and the provincial council provide experience and lessons for the provisional council of Shaanxi province. The Provisional Council of the Western Province was established on July 1st 1939. Dissolution in December 20th 1945, there were two sessions, held 11 meetings, 710 proposals adopted. The Shaanxi Provincial Provisional Senate is the wartime advisory body, organized mainly by the Deputy Speaker of the Speaker. The standing Committee, the examination Committee, the visiting Mission, the Secretariat, and so on, have the power to decide, advise, listen to the policy address, inquire about the right to vote and so on. The senator thinks that the power is too narrow. Unable to play an effective role, has been trying to expand power, but not successful. The wartime environment decided that the provisional council of Shaanxi Province's main goal is to achieve the victory of the war. Grain administration and military service are two important policies in wartime. The grain administration and military service management are directly related to the victory or failure of the War of Resistance against Japan. The Shaanxi Provincial Provisional Senate pays the highest attention to grain policy and military service. The provisional council of Shaanxi Province put forward many practical plans, the principle is to co-ordinate the interests of the government and the people, in order to meet the needs of the anti-Japanese war under the premise of reducing the suffering of the people. As the war situation continues to improve. Especially at the time of victory, the temporary Senate of Shaanxi Province pays more attention to the modernization of the new Shaanxi, actively for Shaanxi's political, economic, educational and other aspects of the construction of planning. Made a series of beneficial exploration. As a force outside the system, the provisional Senate of Shaanxi Province and the Shaanxi Provincial Government have a dual relationship of coordination and conflict, and generally more harmonious. However, there are also conflicts on some important issues, which run through it all the time. The Shaanxi Provisional Senate is the highest advisory body in the wartime, and the Shaanxi Provincial Government also needs to use the interim Council of Shaanxi to carry out the decree. In particular, senators are representatives of the elite in Shaanxi, and have greater political potential, plus senators actively participate in political affairs with the help of the temporary Senate of Shaanxi. The provisional council of Shaanxi province had an important influence on all aspects of Shaanxi during the war. The provisional council of Shaanxi province made a certain contribution to the victory of the war of resistance and lightened the burden on the people of Shaanxi to a certain extent. The provisional Senate of Shaanxi Province is the product of the combination of the western democratic system and the environment of the Anti-Japanese War and an important part of the democratic exploration in modern China.
【学位授予单位】：陕西师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：K265

【共引文献】