唐宋小说女侠形象的比较研究

发布时间：2018-01-04 13:14

本文关键词：唐宋小说女侠形象的比较研究　出处：《陕西师范大学》2014年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：自春秋战国时期“侠”之观念出现始,在有关侠的文学作品中,男侠是主要描写对象,描写女侠的作品则相对沉寂。至小说发展的第一个高峰时期,即唐代,女侠形象第一次较大规模地登上了文学的舞台并取得了极大地发展,女侠形象乃是文人有意创作,女侠作品也开始集中出现。唐代开明的政治、经济、文化政策以及与各少数民族文化的相互融合都为女侠作品的出现提供了条件。而唐代的女侠作品集中出现于中晚唐这一时段,这与当时特定的社会环境密切相关。中晚唐时期藩镇林立,党争不断,黑暗的现实环境呼唤侠士的出现,且战乱导致大量青壮男子丧生的现实使得女性在家庭与社会中承担着更为重要的责任,女性地位得到了提高。唐代城市经济的繁荣促使娱乐活动特别是杂技大兴,安史之乱后杂技由宫廷流入市井,其表演方式为女侠技艺提供了借鉴与参考；而弥漫于唐代士子中的好奇的审美观念也是促使女侠形象的出现的原因之一。与唐代女侠作品相比,宋代小说中的女侠作品则较为逊色,历来的评价也并不高,但宋代女侠作品也赋予了女侠新的形象,如在《侠妇人》中,作者第一次将女性与“侠”字相连,正面承认了女性行侠这一现象。因为时代相近,宋代女侠作品在情节描写与形象塑造等方面对唐代作品有所继承,但同时也有其独特之处。如果说唐代女侠所体现出的是一种张扬、自信、独立的个性魅力,宋代女侠则性格较为内敛而缺少自我意识；相对于唐代女侠积极参与社会政治活动的行为且具有明显的侠之品格,宋代女侠则更像中国传统社会中的世俗女性,囿于家庭之中,以丈夫为中心,贤良淑慧；在婚恋上,不同于唐代女侠的大胆、独立与蔑视世俗,宋代女侠则更加符合社会道德伦理规范,更加隐忍与退让。由唐至宋,社会环境发生了改变,由崇武而尊文,女性地位由高转低；而文人的整体心态渐趋内敛,重理节情,重视道德自律。唐宋两代时间相连,然而女侠形象却有着很大相异之处,便是由唐宋两代不同的社会环境背景以及不同的文人心态造成的。
[Abstract]:Since the emergence of the concept of "chivalrous" in the period of Spring and Autumn and warring States, in the literary works about chivalrous, the male chivalrous is the main object of description, and the work describing the female chivalrous is relatively silent, to the first peak period of the novel development, namely the Tang Dynasty. For the first time, the female chivalrous image appeared on the stage of literature on a relatively large scale and made great progress. The female chivalrous image was created intentionally by the literati, and the female chivalrous works also began to concentrate. The enlightened politics and economy of the Tang Dynasty. The cultural policy and the fusion with the culture of various ethnic minorities all provide the conditions for the appearance of the female chivalrous works, while the collection of the female chivalrous works of the Tang Dynasty appeared in the middle and late Tang Dynasty. This is closely related to the specific social environment at that time. In the middle and late Tang Dynasty, there were numerous towns in San Francisco, the party was constantly fighting, and the dark realistic environment called for the emergence of chivalrous men. And the fact that the war led to the death of a large number of young and strong men makes women bear more important responsibilities in the family and society. The prosperity of the city economy in the Tang Dynasty prompted entertainment activities especially acrobatics to flourish, and acrobatics flowed into the city from the court after the Anshi Rebellion, which provided reference and reference for the women's chivalrous skills. And the curious aesthetic idea that pervades the Tang Dynasty scholar is also one of the reasons that impedes the appearance of the female chivalrous image. Compared with the female chivalrous works of the Tang Dynasty, the female chivalrous works in the Song Dynasty are inferior, and the evaluation is not high. However, the female chivalrous works of the Song Dynasty have also given a new image to the female chivalrous, such as in "the woman of the Warrior". The author, for the first time, connects women with the word "chivalrous", and acknowledges the phenomenon of "female walkers". Because of the similar times, the female chivalrous works of the Song Dynasty inherit the works of Tang Dynasty in terms of plot description and image creation. But at the same time, it has its own unique features. If the Tang Dynasty female chivalrous reflects a kind of publicity, self-confidence, independent personality charm, the Song Dynasty female chivalrous character is more introverted and lack of self-consciousness; Compared with the behavior of the women in the Tang Dynasty who took an active part in the social and political activities and had obvious chivalrous character, the female knights of the Song Dynasty were more like secular women in the traditional Chinese society, confined to the family, taking the husband as the center, virtuous, virtuous, and so on. In love and marriage, different from the bold, independent and disdain of the Tang Dynasty, the Song Dynasty female chivalrous is more in line with the social moral and ethical norms, more forbearance and concessions. From Tang Dynasty to Song Dynasty, the social environment changed, from worshipping martial arts to respecting literature, and female status changed from high to low; The overall mentality of the literati gradually tends to be introverted, rearranging the sentiment, and attaching importance to moral self-discipline. The Tang and Song dynasties are connected by time, but the image of the woman chivalrous has a lot of differences. It is caused by different social environment and different literati mentality in Tang and Song dynasties.
【学位授予单位】：陕西师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：I207.41

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