现代矿业科技的引进与淮南煤矿的早期发展（1909-1949）

发布时间：2018-01-05 18:42

  本文关键词：现代矿业科技的引进与淮南煤矿的早期发展（1909-1949）　出处：《中国科学技术大学》2017年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

  更多相关文章： 现代矿业 科技 淮南煤矿 早期发展

【摘要】：淮南煤矿是近代为数不多的国人独立开发和经营的大型煤矿,是中国近代新式煤矿成长的缩影,煤炭资源在国家发展过程中扮演着极其重要的角色,其开采和深加工均需要有相应的科技支撑。然而,其近代科技发展历史却未能得到足够的重视。本文在研究中,以新中国成立之前淮南煤矿四十年的发展历史为背景,结合前人的研究成果,综合新旧历史史料,运用数据分析法、比对法和综合分析法,以近代淮南煤矿科技发展历史为个案,试图弥补这一不足。文章以丰富的档案资料,首先梳理和还原了与淮南煤矿有关的科技发展历史,将其大致划分为四个不同阶段:一是(1909-1928年)现代开采技术的起步阶段,商办性质的大通煤矿受到内外障碍的制约,生产方式还是以手工为主。二是(1928-1937年)"黄金十年"的发展阶段,官办国营的淮南煤矿局通过矿业科技的引进和生产运销模式的有效组织,使淮南煤矿一跃成为国民政府经营最成功的国营企业。三是(1938-1945年)日本统治下的停滞阶段,出现了以人工代替机械的矿业生产技术上的停滞和倒退。四是(1945-1949年)战后全面的恢复和提升阶段,这一时期通过对大量前沿技术资料的引进学习和对技术人才的培养,以及向美援会寻求资金和技术上的援助,使淮南煤矿的机械化程度得到更进一步提高。在对四个阶段历史的梳理和总结过程中,本文还从四个不同的侧面总结了淮南矿业发展的重大科技事件和科研成果:一是对淮南煤田的有关地质学理论和勘探技术进行了系统地分析。从淮南地质构造理论推断出八公山新煤田的存在,到地质勘测规范的确立,再到新煤田的"一钻得煤",以及后来谢家荣先生"大淮南盆地"的提出。二是从全新的经济地质学视角,分析了淮南煤矿对我国经济地质学发展的贡献。而淮南新煤田的发现是谢家荣先生经济地质学思想在淮南煤矿的成功实践,是经济地质学理论结合实际的最好例证。强调了对地质矿产资源"经济"特性的重视。三是对淮南近代矿业科技的发展过程进行了系统地归纳总结。从政治经济环境的分析,到先进技术理念、设备的引进,技术人才的培养,再到煤炭产运销的有效组织。四是考证了淮南煤炭深加工和大型仪器设备共享的早期实践。从三种不同煤质的分析,到反复进行的炼焦科学试验,再到合煤法炼焦的选择,以及借助于较为发达的上海等地实验室进行试验,此举可看成是今天大型科学仪器设备共享的早期实践。在对四个阶段、四个侧面的总结分析过程中,得出以下几点认识:一是要提高对煤矿业的认识。煤矿业是国家工业的基础,在国民经济社会发展中的地位极其重要,对煤炭能源的布局发展要上升到国家层面来进行,合理开发,有效利用。二是矿业发展要有稳定的政治经济环境和相应的政策支持。要加大对煤矿业资金和政策的扶持,发挥国家税收和财政投入的撬动作用。三是矿业发展需要先进的科学技术支撑,要研究和引进先进的科学技术理念、设备,提高生产效率,降低生产成本,在市场竞争中占据先机。四是矿业发展是一项系统工程,要科学合理有效地组织好、设计好、统筹好,综合考虑企业、地方的关系以及生产、运输和市场营销等诸多因素。五是引导城市产业转型发展的新方向。以依托煤、延伸煤、不唯煤、超越煤为指导,以科技推进煤炭的深加工发展,强化两型城市建设,为众多的资源型城市转型发展提供有益的借鉴和参考。
[Abstract]:Huainan coal mine is a modern large-scale coal mine a few Chinese independent development and management, is the epitome of modern China growth and new coal mine, coal resources play an important role in the national development process, its exploitation and deep processing requires a corresponding technical support. However, the history of the development of modern science and technology is failed to get enough attention. In this research, the new Chinese before the establishment of forty years of development history of Huainan coal mine as the background, combined with previous research results, a comprehensive new historical data, using data analysis method, comparison method and comprehensive analysis method, with modern science and technology development history of Huainan coal mine as a case, try to make up for this insufficient. Based on abundant archives, reviews and restore technology development history and Huainan coal mine, and divides it into four stages: one is the modern mining technology (1909-1928) The initial stage of the restriction of Datong Coal Mine commercial office properties by inside and outside obstacle, the mode of production or in the manual. Two (1928-1937) is the stage of "ten years", the official state of Huainan Coal Mine Bureau through the effective organization of mining science and technology introduction and marketing mode of production, so that Huainan has become a national coal mine the government management of state-owned enterprises is the most successful. Three (1938-1945) under Japanese rule appeared to stagnation, stagnation and retrogression mining production technology of artificial instead of mechanical on. Four (1945-1949) after the comprehensive restoration and promotion stage, during this period, based on a large amount of data and the introduction of advanced technology learning the cultivation of technical personnel, and will seek funding and technical assistance to aid, the degree of mechanization of Huainan coal mine has been further improved. In the four stages of the history and summarizing the process In this paper, from four aspects summarizes the major scientific events in the development of Huainan mining and scientific research: one is in Huainan coalfield geology related theory and exploration techniques are systematically analyzed. Deduce the existence from the Huainan coalfield in the new geological theory, to establish the geological survey specification, and then to the new in "drilling coal", and then Mr. Xie Jiarong put forward the "big Huainan basin". The two is from the perspective of economic geology, analyzed the contribution to the economic development of our country. The geology of Huainan coal mine and Huainan new coal found Mr. Xie Jiarong thought of economic geology successful practice in Huainan coal mine is the best. Examples of the combination of theory and practice of economic geology. Emphasis on the geology and mineral resources "economic" characteristics of attention. The three is the development process of Huainan modern mining technology systematically summed up the total Node. From the analysis of the political and economic environment, to advanced technology concepts, the introduction of equipment, technical personnel training, to coal production and transportation organization. The four is to research the early practice of deep processing of coal in Huainan and large-scale equipment sharing. From the analysis of three kinds of coal, coking to repeated scientific experiments then, to the coal coking method choice, and with the help of the trial in more developed areas such as Shanghai laboratory, which can be regarded as the early practice of large scientific instruments sharing today. In the four stage, the four sides of a summary of the process of analysis, the following conclusions are reached: one is to improve the understanding of the the coal mine industry. Coal industry is the foundation of national industry, in the national economic and social development in an important position on the layout of the development of coal energy to rise to the national level, rational development, effective use of the two is mine. Industry development needs a stable political and economic environment and the corresponding policy support. To increase the coal industry funding and policy support, play leveraging role of State Taxation and financial investment. The three is needed to support the development of the mining industry of advanced science and technology to study and introduce advanced science and technology philosophy, equipment, improve production efficiency to reduce the production cost, take the initiative in the market competition. The four is the development of the mining industry is a system engineering, scientific and efficient organization, good design, good co-ordination, comprehensive consideration of the enterprise, where the relations of production and marketing, transportation and many other factors. The five is the new direction of city industrial transformation and development. Relying on coal, extending coal, not only coal, coal beyond the guidance to the development of deep processing of coal science and technology to promote and strengthen the construction of two types of city, provide a useful reference to many resource-based city transformation and development.

【学位授予单位】：中国科学技术大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TD82
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本文编号：1384388