“人教版”初中物理教材与美国《科学探索者》中实验部分的比较研究

发布时间：2018-01-08 20:40

本文关键词：“人教版”初中物理教材与美国《科学探索者》中实验部分的比较研究　出处：《曲阜师范大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：物理学是一门以观察与实验为基础的学科,所以,实验教学是落实物理课程目标,全面提高学生科学素养的重要途径,因而,物理实验是物理教材的重要组成部分。初中物理是初中科学学习领域的一门重要基础课程,根据《义务教育物理课程标准(2011年版)》的精神,初中物理教学要加强学生科学探究及物理实验能力的培养,不能仅仅把实验看作是初中物理学习过程中采用的一种方法,而是要把实验看作是物理学习的重要内容。中美两国由于政治、经济、历史、文化及风俗习惯等各方面的差异,造成教育理念和教学方法的很大不同,这一点也体现在两国编写的教材之中。研究中美两国初中物理教材中实验的异同点,可以帮助我们更好的理解两国教材的编写意图、特色与体现的教学理念,可以为今后初中物理教材的编写、使用及实验教学提供建议。本研究采用比较研究法和文献法,将人民教育出版社出版的义务教育课程标准实验教科书——初中物理教材和美国《科学探索者》这两套初中物理教材进行比较研究。比较研究和分析工作是从两套教材中实验部分的表层和深层进行的。其中表层结构比较研究的内容包括实验的形式、数目和器材等内容;深层结构比较研究的内容包括教材中由实验帮助学生物理概念形成和物理规律建立、科学探究与物理科学方法教育以及对学生科学精神与科学态度的培养。通过对中美两套初中物理教材实验部分进行比较研究,发现两套教材在实验总数、实验形式、对科学过程和方法的关注、培养学生创新意识等方面的相似性。同时找出两国教材在实验与学习内容的融合度、不同形式实验数量、对探究过程的设计、对实验材料的使用、与生活实际的联系以及对研究能力的培养等方面的区别。明确了我国初中物理教材实验部分的优势以及存在的不足,并为今后初中物理教材实验部分的编写提出了建议。
[Abstract]:Physics is a subject based on observation and experiment. Therefore, experimental teaching is an important way to carry out the goal of physics course and improve students' scientific literacy in an all-round way. Physics experiment is an important part of physics teaching material. Junior middle school physics is an important basic course in the field of junior middle school science learning, according to the spirit of the compulsory Education Physics Curriculum Standard (2011 edition). The junior middle school physics teaching should strengthen the student science inquiry and the physics experiment ability cultivation, cannot only regard the experiment as a kind of method in the junior middle school physics study process. China and the United States, due to differences in politics, economy, history, culture and customs, have made great differences in educational concepts and teaching methods. This is also reflected in the textbooks compiled by the two countries. The study of the similarities and differences in junior high school physics teaching materials between China and the United States can help us better understand the compilation intention, characteristics and teaching ideas of the two countries. It can provide suggestions for the compilation, use and experimental teaching of physics textbooks in junior high school. This study adopts comparative research and literature methods. This paper makes a comparative study of the two sets of junior high school physics textbooks published by the people's Education Publishing House on compulsory education curriculum standards-junior high school physics textbooks and American Science Explorer. The comparative research and analysis work is based on two sets of junior high school physics textbooks. The surface layer and deep layer of the experimental part in the set of teaching materials are carried out. Among them, the content of the comparative study of surface structure includes the form of experiment. Number and equipment; The contents of the comparative study of deep structure include the experiment to help students form the concept of physics and establish the law of physics. Through the comparative study of the experimental part of the two sets of junior middle school physics textbooks in China and the United States, we find that the two sets of teaching materials are in the total number of experiments. Experiment form, the attention to the scientific process and method, the similarity of cultivating students' innovation consciousness. At the same time, we find out the fusion degree of experiment and learning content between the two countries, and the quantity of experiment in different forms. The design of the inquiry process, the use of experimental materials, the relationship with the reality of life and the training of research ability are different. The advantages and disadvantages of the experimental part of physics teaching materials in junior high school in China are clarified. Some suggestions are put forward for compiling the experiment part of physics teaching materials in junior high school in the future.
【学位授予单位】：曲阜师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：G633.7

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