冷战后的美国防务贸易出口控制改革

发布时间：2018-01-08 22:13

本文关键词：冷战后的美国防务贸易出口控制改革　出处：《美国研究》2015年04期 　论文类型：期刊论文

【摘要】：冷战后,为适应新的国际政治、经济形势和更好地促进国家利益,从克林顿到奥巴马,美国政府一直坚持改革防务贸易出口控制,但改革一波三折,直到奥巴马政府才取得重大成果。防务贸易出口控制改革的基本方式是通过扩大许可证豁免的范围,实现防务物项或技术更好和更快地向盟国或友好国家出口或转移,其目的在于保持美国对潜在敌人的技术和战争优势,提高盟国的军事效力,加强美国与盟国协调作战的能力;扩大防务合作范围。通过更好、更快地向盟国出口或转移防务物项或技术,不仅强化了美国与盟国之间的经济关系,而且强化了建立在共同安全基础上的军事和政治关系。改革也使美国巩固了其在世界军火市场的突出优势地位,增强了盟国在军事和防务上对美国的依赖,有助于美国克服金融危机和走出经济衰退的阴影。本质上,防务贸易出口控制改革就是鼓励与值得信任的盟国的防务合作,它加强了以美国为首的军事、政治联盟,巩固了美国的霸权地位,是美国更好应对新兴大国、尤其是中国崛起的手段之一。
[Abstract]:After the cold war, in order to adapt to the new international political and economic situation and promote the interests of the state, from Clinton to Obama, the U.S. government has always insisted on the reform of defense trade export control reform, but until the Obama administration was striking one snag after another, made great achievements. The basic way of defense trade export control reform is to expand the scope of the license exemption. The defense items or technologies better and faster export to the allies and friendly countries or transfer, its purpose is to keep the United States of potential enemies and war technology advantage, improve the effectiveness of military allies, to strengthen the capacity of the United States and its allies to coordinate the fight; expand defense cooperation scope. Through better and faster to export or transfer of defense allies item or technology, not only to strengthen the economic relationship between the United States and its allies, and strengthen the establishment in the common security on the basis of the military and political relations. The reform also makes America strengthened its position in the world arms market highlights the dominant position, enhance the allies in the military and defense dependence on America, help us overcome the financial crisis and the way out of recession. In essence, cooperation in defense defense trade export control reform is to encourage and trusted allies, strengthen it headed by the United States military and political alliance, consolidate the hegemony of the United States, the United States is better to deal with emerging powers, especially one of the Chinese rise means.

【作者单位】：上海师范大学人文学院;
【基金】：“上海政法学院创新性学科团队支持计划” 上海高校一流学科(B类)建设计划研究成果的一部分
【分类号】：D871.2
【正文快照】： 防务贸易出口控制不仅是美国削弱、阻止敌国或潜在对手的工具,也是强化西方联盟、维护美国霸权的工具。第二次世界大战以来,为确保国家安全和实现外交政策目标,美国对防务物项一直实行严厉的出口控制。冷战后,尤其是克林顿政府以来, 为适应新的国际政治、经济形势和更好地促

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