中美反恐合作的机制化研究

发布时间：2018-01-13 23:06

本文关键词：中美反恐合作的机制化研究　出处：《北京外国语大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：近年来,恐怖袭击席卷全球,呈现蔓延扩大之势。中美两国面临境内外愈加严重的恐怖威胁,反恐成为两国的利益契合点和两国合作的重要内容。目前,中美双方在政治、经济、司法、情报交流等领域开展了一系列合作。如,中美反恐合作小组的建立;2008年北京奥运的安保协作;集装箱安全倡议的签署;对简易爆炸装置的联合打击。反恐合作成果显著。尽管两国对推进反恐合作寄予厚望,但事实证明,中美反恐合作并非坦途,矛盾和分歧不断。不同的法律制度、意识形态和国家利益造成了两国在具体的反恐合作中步调难以一致,合作遇到不少阻力。两国领导人在反复磋商后,决定通过加强有序的反恐合作机制建设,挖掘中美反恐合作的深度,建立制度化保障,确保反恐合作的可持续性。值得注意的是,两国的强烈意愿并不能保证机制的顺利推行,它仍需理论的指引。对此,国际机制理论无疑具有重要的指导意义。它为新自由主义所推崇,主张通过原则、规则、规范、决策程序的建立,规约理性行为体的单方国家行动,保障合作的效力。国际机制虽然是一个多边概念,但也依然适用于中美双边反恐合作的机制化建设。由于两个行为体之间较易达成更多的共同利益,合作的可能性和分歧的解决机率会大幅度提高,双边合作机制成为实践中较为普遍又最为有效的合作机制,也是多边合作的基石。因此,研究中美反恐合作的机制化建设过程及存在的问题,对促进并深化中美反恐合作具有重要的现实意义。"9 · 11"事件爆发后,两国连续开展中美跨机构反恐磋商、副外长级反恐磋商,建立了打击网络犯罪高级别对话机制。这些机制对中美实现跨境打击恐怖势力起到了重要作用。然而,由于两国在意识形态和法律体系上存在根本差异、在主权和人权问题上的巨大分歧,中美反恐合作机制化建设陷入瓶颈。在既有的反恐机制建设中,中国更倾向于防御型反恐,美国则为遏制型反恐。美国在机制的创设和具体条款的制定上,更占据主动,也享有更多的话语权。美国难以放弃反恐的"双重标准",将许多爆发在中国境内的恐怖事件视为中国内部民族问题,对东突势力采取漠视和借力打力的企图。尽管如此,仍有许多反恐斗争需要中美两国携手努力。如,阿富汗重建问题,非洲境内的反恐合作,及2022年北京冬奥会的安保工作。因此,中美反恐合作机制建设仍然势在必行。若想继续推进中美反恐合作机制化建设,需要了解中美两国对恐怖主义的看法、对反恐合作的利益诉求及根本立场。在明确了双方反恐合作的目的之后,比较中美在反恐合作机制建设中的优势与劣势,机遇与挑战。总结起来,中美反恐合作机制化的真正实现,取决于能否明确区分哪些是中美两国希望较大的合作领域,哪些是希望渺茫的合作领域。对于触及双方根本原则的合作,应妥善回避。两国对反恐合作的期许也需做适当改变。毕竟,中美所追求的并非是程度更广更深的合作,而是更符合国际形势的合作。
[Abstract]:In recent years, terrorist attacks across the world, showing the spread of the potential to expand. The two countries facing domestic and foreign more serious terrorist threats, terrorism has become an important part of bilateral interests and cooperation between the two countries. At present, the two sides in the political, economic, legal, information exchange and other areas to carry out a series of cooperation. For example, the establishment of Sino US anti-terrorism cooperation group; 2008 Beijing Olympic security cooperation signed; container security initiative; United against improvised explosive devices. The results of cooperation. The two countries to promote significant anti-terrorism anti-terrorism cooperation despite high hopes, but the fact that Sino US counter-terrorism cooperation is not smooth, the contradictions and differences. Different legal systems, ideology and national interests the two steps in the anti-terrorism cooperation caused the difficult, encountered a lot of resistance. The leaders of the two countries cooperation in repeated consultations, decided by strengthening the orderly The construction of cooperation mechanism on terrorism, mining depth of Sino US counter-terrorism cooperation, the establishment of the system of security, to ensure the sustainability of counter-terrorism cooperation. It is worth noting that the strong will between the two countries does not guarantee the smooth implementation of the mechanism, it still needs the guidance of theory. In this regard, the international mechanism theory has important guiding significance. It is free "highly advocated by the principles, rules, norms, the establishment of the decision procedure, the statute reason behavior of unilateral national action, security cooperation. The validity of the international mechanism is a multilateral concept, but also suitable for the construction of the mechanism of bilateral cooperation between the two. The body is easy to reach a common behavior benefit more, and the possibility of cooperation to solve the probability of differences will greatly enhance the bilateral cooperation mechanism, becoming more and more popular and the most effective cooperation mechanism in practice, but also multilateral cooperation The foundation. Therefore, research on the Sino US counter-terrorism cooperation mechanism construction process and the existing problems, to promote and has important practical significance to deepen Sino US counter-terrorism cooperation. "9 - 11" after the incident, the two countries to carry out continuous Sino US interagency counterterrorism consultation, Deputy Foreign Minister level counter-terrorism consultation, established a high level dialogue against cyber crime mechanism. These mechanisms plays an important role in Sino US cross-border combat terrorist forces play. However, because of the existence of the fundamental differences in ideology and legal system, the huge differences in sovereignty and human rights issues, Sino US anti terrorist cooperation mechanism construction into a bottleneck. In the existing anti-terrorism mechanism construction, China tend to defense the United States is to curb terrorism type, type of terror. The United States in the formulation mechanism and the creation of specific terms, but also take the initiative to have more right to speak. The United States is difficult to give up the "double counter Standard ", many will erupt in the Chinese terrorist event as China internal ethnic problems, to attempt to ignore and leveraging the power of the East Turkistan forces. Nevertheless, there are still many struggle against terrorism requires both countries to work together. For example, the reconstruction of Afghanistan, counter-terrorism cooperation in Africa within the territory, and the 2022 Beijing Winter Olympics the work of the security. Therefore, the construction of Sino US counter-terrorism cooperation mechanism still is imperative. To continue to promote the Sino US counter-terrorism cooperation mechanism construction, the two countries need to understand the views on terrorism, interests and fundamental position on counter-terrorism cooperation. After defining both counter-terrorism cooperation, Sino US comparison of advantages and disadvantages in anti-terrorism cooperation mechanism construction the opportunities and challenges. To sum up, the real implementation of Sino US counter-terrorism cooperation mechanism, depends on the ability to distinguish between what is the two countries hope larger The areas of cooperation, which is expected to touch the fundamental principles for cooperation. The cooperation between the two sides, should be properly avoided. The two countries on anti-terrorism cooperation expectations also need to make some appropriate changes. After all, China is not the pursuit of the degree of a broader and deeper cooperation, but more in line with the international situation.

【学位授予单位】：北京外国语大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D815.5;D822.371.2

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