A市邻避冲突的治理研究

发布时间：2018-01-14 14:36

本文关键词：A市邻避冲突的治理研究　出处：《山东大学》2014年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：目前,中国社会进入城市化快速发展时期。经济总量持续增长,社会发展稳步推进。政府为满足日益增长的民生需求,投资兴建了大批公共基础设施。在这些设施中,有些虽然解决了部分社会问题,但因明显或潜在的污染性和威胁性被地方厌恶使用。这类设施引发居民抗争情结,进而造成抗争冲突。该过程有一个形象的英文描述,叫邻避(NIMBY),即"Not In My Backyard"。邻避冲突凸显了城市化进程中经济发展与环境正义、个人利益之间的矛盾,它有着政治、经济、社会等多方面深层次的原因。因此,政府在解决邻避冲突的问题时,不应简单的依靠公权力强势压制或采取漠视公民诉求的硬处理方式,而应该在综合分析邻避冲突产生原因、扩大因素的基础上,借助于新媒体手段等技术,了解公众的需求,找到解决这一矛盾的途径和实用性的方法。本文在借鉴国内外研究成果的基础上,研究了邻避设施、邻避情结、邻避冲突三者之间的关系,总结了邻避冲突产生的原因。邻避冲突反映了公众对设施兴建后可能带来的环境污染及土地贬值的担忧,它与设施选址位置、负外部性强弱、公众对相关信息的掌握程度等因素密切相关。在A市快速路冲突事件中,就反映了公众对设施选址的疑虑,也体现了公众在传统表达方式受阻的情形下,通过新媒体手段表达的城市规划参与和利益诉求。为更加清楚的描述A市邻避冲突过程,本文以舆情监控系统为方法,着重监测了冲突过程中公众参与程度、参与特点、冲突原因、解决方案及解决效果五大变量。根据监测结果显示,公众通过在微博、论坛等新媒体平台上发表个人意见的方式,逐渐形成舆论合力并影响政府相关决策。政府最后放弃了将快速路的邻避冲突当做一般群体性事件处理的初始做法,在与公众的互动过程中扩展了信息发布渠道,并针对公众提出的环境污染、经济损失、心理因素等问题一一采取了改进措施。在双方的互动过程中,网络上的负面舆情逐步下降,正面舆情有所上升,这说明居民与政府的沟通是有所成效的。在双方的博弈过程中,居民达到了邻避设施迁建的目的,捍卫了自身权益；政府完成了“以规划为先”到“以公众利益为先”的转变,实现了城市管理水平的提升。可以说,A市快速路工程从某种意义上完成了从“邻避设施”到“迎臂设施”的转变。而A市邻避冲突的较好解决,也为邻避设施选址提供了几点借鉴经验,即通过决策模式、利益补偿、风险沟通以及协商对话的综合运用,从制度层面促进邻避设施选址的公平正义,避免或减少邻避冲突。
[Abstract]:At present, China society entered a period of rapid development of city economy. The sustained growth, social development steadily. The government to meet the growing needs of the people's livelihood, investment in the construction of a large number of public infrastructure. In these facilities, although some solve some social problems, but because of the pollution and threat of obvious or potential by local the use of such facilities. Aversion causes residents struggle complex, causing the conflict. The struggle process has a vivid description of English, called NIMBY (NIMBY), "Not In My Backyard".
NIMBY conflict highlights the economic development and environmental justice in the process of city, the contradiction between personal interests, it has political, economic, social causes and other aspects. Therefore, the government in solving NIMBY conflict problems, hard approach should not simply rely on the strong pressure of public power or take ignore the citizens, and should be in the comprehensive analysis of NIMBY conflict causes, expansion factor foundation, with the help of new media technology, understand the needs of the public, to find a way to solve this contradiction and practical methods.
In this paper, on the basis of the domestic and foreign research results, the study of NIMBY facilities, NIMBY, the relationship between the NIMBY conflict of the three, summed up the cause of NIMBY conflict. NIMBY conflict reflects public facilities after the construction of the possible environmental pollution and land devaluation concerns, and its location the position, intensity of negative externalities, public factors of relevant information and other closely related. Master degree in A Expressway conflict, reflects on the public facilities location concerns, also reflects the way of expression in the traditional public system, through the new media means the expression of participation in city planning and adjacent interests. To avoid the conflict process more clear description of the city of A, based on the public opinion monitoring system for monitoring the degree of emphasis on methods, public participation in the process of conflict in the characteristics, causes of conflict, solutions and solve the effects of the five variables According to the monitoring results show that the public through micro-blog, comment way forum and other new media platforms, gradually formed the force of public opinion and influence the decisions of the government. The government finally gave up the expressway NIMBY conflict as the initial general group event processing method, in interaction with the public in the process of expansion of the information distribution channels, and put forward to the public environmental pollution, economic losses, psychological factors etc. improvement measures have been taken. In the process of interaction between the two sides, the network of the negative public opinion gradually decline, a positive public opinion increased, indicating that the residents and the government communication is effective. In the process of the game between the two sides. Residents reached NIMBY facilities relocation to defend their own interests; the government completed the "planning for the first" change "in the public interest for the first", the city management level Ascension can be said that the A expressway projects completed from the "NIMBY" to "arm attack facilities" in some sense. But in A city adjacent to solve the obstacle of conflict, NIMBY facilities location also provides some experience, namely through the decision-making mode, compensation benefits, risk communication and the comprehensive use of dialogue and consultation, from the system level to promote fairness and justice in NIMBY facilities location, to avoid or reduce the NIMBY conflict.

【学位授予单位】：山东大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：D630

【参考文献】