四川省长寿县农村普选运动研究（1953-1954）

发布时间：2018-01-16 13:17

本文关键词：四川省长寿县农村普选运动研究（1953-1954）　出处：《西南大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：人民代表大会制度是我国的根本政治制度。新中国成立初期由于条件尚不成熟,中共政权没有立即实行用普选方式产生的人民代表大会制度。经过三年的努力,新中国的政治、经济和社会面貌发生了巨大的变化,各项工作逐渐步入正轨,社会的组织程度和人民的思想觉悟水平有了大幅提高。因此,1953年中共决定在全国范围内开展普选运动以建立人民代表大会制度。四川省长寿县委在响应中共中央的号召下结合其农村的社会环境积极展开了普选运动。纵观四川省长寿县农村的普选运动,其主要的工作步骤分为以下几个环节:普选前的准备工作、宣传动员、选民资格审查、代表候选人提名、投票选举。四川省长寿县积极部署普选前的各项准备工作。一是设立选举委员会。积极负责和领导长寿县农村的普选运动,使其有计划、有步骤的展开。二是训练和调配普选工作干部。干部是领导群众生产建设与掌握农村政权的骨干,加强干部的培训与调配有助于建立一支素质过硬的工作队伍,以推进普选工作的顺利展开。三是开展典型试验工作。典型试验工作是各项工作全面展开的基础,以葛兰乡为重点的试办对象有助于为全面推进普选工作提供丰富的实践经验。随着普选运动在长寿县的全面推进,长寿县选举委员会领导各区乡做好各个工作环节:开展普选前的宣传动员。注意充分利用各个区乡的党团支部、人民团体的带领作用召开各种会议交代政策,运用形式丰富的宣传手段实现民众认知的转变,为普选运动的全面推进打下坚实基础;进行选民资格的审查。鉴别民众的阶级成分与确立选民的政治身份是保证不错误剥夺任何一个选民的选举权,也不让一个反革命分子窃取选举权的关键,在这步工作中通过事前摸底、事后讨论和小组讨论,进一步明确了民众在新中国的政治身份;提名和协商代表候选人。能否选出党和人民所需的、满意的人民代表,其关键在于能否提出必要的代表候选人,通过党团、人民团体以及选民小组讨论和酝酿代表候选人,长寿县选委根据中央精神和地方实际情况坚持必要性、满意性和思想坚定性原则,以保证选出的代表是党与人民所必需的;召开选举大会,实行投票选举。这步工作是长寿县农村普选运动的最后一个环节,伴随着投票选举的进行,选民在选举前、中、后的心态与行为也呈现出多重面向,究其原因在于各种利益的博弈。通过对各个工作环节的探究和分析,四川省长寿县农村的普选运动对我国当前的基层民主选举有着十分重要的现实借鉴和价值启迪,具体体现在以下几方面:一是要始终坚持党的领导,充分发挥党掌控全局的作用;二是要培养和提升民众的民主意识,动员群众积极参与选举;三是要进一步扩大候选人的资格与范围,最大程度的保证人民代表的广泛性与代表性。四是要适当引入竞争机制,促进良性竞争。
[Abstract]:The people's Congress system is the fundamental political system of our country. At the beginning of the founding of New China, because of the immature conditions, the Chinese Communist regime did not immediately implement the people's Congress system elected by universal suffrage. Great changes have taken place in the political, economic and social aspects of the people's Republic of China. As a result, the level of social organization and the level of people's ideological awareness have been greatly improved. In 1953, the CPC decided to launch a nationwide campaign for universal suffrage in order to establish the system of people's congresses. In response to the call of the CPC Central Committee, the Sichuan Longevity County Party Committee actively launched the campaign of universal suffrage in the light of the social environment in its rural areas. A general election campaign in the countryside of Changshou County, Sichuan Province. The main steps of its work are as follows: preparatory work before the general election, publicity and mobilization, voter qualification examination and nomination of candidates for the deputies. Voting election. Changshou County, Sichuan Province, actively deploy the preparations before universal suffrage. First, set up an election committee to actively take charge of and lead the general election movement in Changshou County's rural areas, so that it has a plan. The second is to train and deploy the cadres who work by universal suffrage. Cadres are the backbone of leading the masses in production and building up and mastering the rural political power, and strengthening the training and deployment of cadres will help to establish a work force with excellent quality. In order to promote the smooth development of the work of universal suffrage, the third is to carry out typical test work. Typical test work is the basis for all the work to be carried out in an all-round way. The pilot project with Ge Lan township as the focus will help to provide rich practical experience for the overall promotion of universal suffrage. With the general election movement in Changshou County. The Changshou County Election Commission has led each district and township to do a good job in various work links: conducting propaganda and mobilization before the general election; paying full attention to making full use of the Party and League branches of all districts and townships; and holding various meetings and policies under the leadership of the people's organizations. The use of a rich form of propaganda means to achieve the transformation of public awareness, for the promotion of universal suffrage movement lay a solid foundation; The identification of the class composition of the people and the establishment of the political identity of the voters are the key to ensuring that no voter is wrongly deprived of the right to vote, nor that a counter-revolutionary is allowed to steal the right to vote. In this step, through prior mapping, hindsight discussion and group discussion, the political identity of the people in the new China has been further clarified. Nomination and consultation of candidates for deputies. The key to the election of satisfactory people's representatives as required by the Party and the people is to propose the necessary candidates for deputies and to pass through the party caucuses. People's organizations and voter groups discuss and prepare candidates for deputies, and Changshou County Election Commission adheres to the principles of necessity, satisfaction and steadfastness in accordance with the spirit of the central government and local realities. To ensure that elected representatives are necessary for the Party and the people; This is the last link in the campaign of universal suffrage in Changshou County, where voters are in the run-up to the election. After the mentality and behavior also presents a multi-face, the reason lies in the game of various interests. Through the exploration and analysis of the various work links. The rural general election movement in Changshou County of Sichuan Province has a very important practical reference and value inspiration for the current grass-roots democratic election in our country, which is embodied in the following aspects: first, we should always adhere to the leadership of the Party. Give full play to the role of the Party in controlling the overall situation; Second, it is necessary to cultivate and promote the democratic consciousness of the people and mobilize the masses to participate actively in the election; Third, it is necessary to further expand the qualifications and scope of candidates, and to ensure the universality and representativeness of people's representatives to the maximum extent.
【学位授予单位】：西南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D624

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